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Nonclassical Effects in Quantum Optics

Pierre Meystre, Daniel F. Walls

Published Apr 1, 1991• 37 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Contents: Introduction. The early years. Photon antibunching and sub- Poissonian photon statistics. Squeezed states of light. Quantum non- demolition. Quantum effects in photon interference. Cavity quantum electrodynamics. Quantum noise reduction in lasers.

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The statistical fluctuations of light can, under certain circumstances, exhibit a number of interesting nonclassical features. These include photon antibunching, sub-Poissonian statistics, and squeezing, all of which exist only in a quantum field. The three effects are distinct, and do not necessarily go together, although the first two are sometimes mistakenly treated as interchangeable. Both photon antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics have been observed in experiments on resonance fluorescence from single atoms, which is described. Squeezing has not yet been seen experimentally, although many nonlinear processes are expected to give rise to it. The squeezed state can be recognized in heterodyne or homodyne experiments, where the squeezing becomes manifest as sub-Poissonian photon fluctuations.
This Resource Letter provides a brief introduction and an annotated guide to the literature about the roles of quantum coherence in quantum optics. Books, conference proceedings, and selected journal articles are listed for the following topics: Early history, lasers, in particular novel systems such as lasers without inversion, nonclassical states of light including squeezed states, cavity quantum electrodynamics, cooling and trapping of atomic samples, atom optics, and quantum optical tests of the foundations of quantum mechanics.
A number of general features of non-classical states of light are reviewed. The phenomena of photon antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics are then treated in more detail, including the experimental observations. Quantum effects in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are discussed, and recent experiments dealing with the time intervals between down-converted photons, with the intensity dependence of the cross-correlation function, and with the detection of a localized one-photon state are described. Finally, some quantum effects in the interference of light are discussed.
Statistical and quantum optics provides a clear, up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the recent field of modern optics dealing with coherence and fluctuations of light. The first two chapters discuss the statistical frame work needed for later part of the book followed by systematic account of coherence theory with a detailed discussed on photon statistics. Description of quantum theory of coherence is preceded by a introductory chapter on field quantization. A detailed description of non-classical light highlighted by phenomena of anti-bunching, Sub-Poissonian statistics, production and detection of squeezed light and coherent state follows. Next is the discussion on E-P-R paradox on reality, locality and completeness of quantum mechanics bringing out clearly the importance of Bell's inequalities. The concluding two chapters put forward forcefully the new fundamental concepts based on quantum superposition and entanglement leading to two photon interference, quantum cryptography and teleportation.