Eavesdropping Attack of Two Eavesdroppers on the Ping-Pong Protocol with GHZ triplets
Сергій ГАВЕЛЬ, Yevhen Vasiliu, Nikolaos G. Bardis +1 more
This work presents an analysis of a sequential passive eavesdropping attack by two eavesdroppers on the ping-pong protocol employing three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states. An analytical expression is derived for the probability of attack detection by legitimate users. It is shown that increasing the number of eavesdroppers in the quantum channel leads to a higher probability of attack detection. Expressions are also obtained for the maximum amount of information that two eavesdroppers can gain during their sequential passive attack. The analysis demonstrates that the ping-pong protocol with GHZ triplets is no more vulnerable to passive eavesdropping by two adversaries than it is to an attack by a single one. The results can be generalized to ping-pong protocols based on n-qubit GHZ states for arbitrary values of $\boldsymbol{n}$.
IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS)•Sep 4, 2025•0 citations