The evolution of wireless communication has been boon to the digital transformation worldwide, that connects billions of devices and enables everything ranging from mobile broadband to the Internet of Things (IoT). The drawbacks due to use of radio frequency (RF) include: the scarcity of spectral resources, inherent security vulnerabilities, and the physical limits of classical information theory. These shortcomings are overcome by the novel and revolutionary field of quantum information science.
The evolution of wireless communication has been boon to the digital transformation worldwide, that connects billions of devices and enables everything ranging from mobile broadband to the Internet of Things (IoT). The drawbacks due to use of radio frequency (RF) include: the scarcity of spectral resources, inherent security vulnerabilities, and the physical limits of classical information theory. These shortcomings are overcome by the novel and revolutionary field of quantum information science.
Quantum mechanics allows a number of communications protocols that would not be possible classically, including provably-secure messages (quantum cryptography), increased channel capacity, and the ability to transmit an unknown quantum state (quantum teleportation). This tutorial will provide an introductory description of what appear to be the most promising applications of quantum communications, including quantum cryptography and quantum repeaters. The most commonly-used methods for quantum cryptography will be described, including the advantages and disadvantages of each in practical applications. The maximum range of current quantum cryptography systems is limited by the fact that optical amplifiers would destroy the quantum coherence of single photons and cannot be used in these kinds of systems. One potential solution to this problem is the transmission of single photons in free space, which would allow a global system for quantum cryptography based on a network of satellites and ground stations. Free-space quantum cryptography systems of that kind have now been demonstrated over relatively short distances. The range of quantum cryptography systems in optical fibers can also be extended using quantum repeaters that make use of entanglement purification and quantum teleportation. These same techniques could also be used to implement a “quantum Internet” for the transmission of qubits from one quantum computer to another. The practical challenges that will have to be met in order to implement quantum repeaters and quantum teleportation over large distances will be discussed.
Secured data transfer over the internet of things enables communication devices is a very challenging task. Due to the limitation of computational resources, classical cryptography algorithms are vulnerable to cyber threats and loss of integrity and information. Recently, physical layer secret key generation has played a vital role in secured communication on the internet of things. The physical layer key generation approach provides an alternate means of information security using the signal reciprocity of wireless communication. This paper proposed proficient dynamic secret key generation using derivates of transform functions. The derivates of transform functions such as DCT, DWT, DWPT, and many more light transform functions the physical layer key generation employs RSSI channel parameters in conjunction with the discrete wavelet transform to generate low computational secret keys for the authentication of IoT-enabled communication devices. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and reduces the bit disagreement of the key. We use MATLAB software defined radios to conduct the experiment, and we then evaluate the effectiveness of our post-processing techniques. Our approach is helpful for safeguarding future IoT devices since it enhances the ability of targeted nodes to establish matching secret keys while reducing the risk of an eavesdropper. The experimental results of key generation methods suggest that the proposed algorithm is very efficient instead of DCT and DWT.
Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned to expand Internet connectivity of the physical world, and the mobile edge cloud can be leveraged to enhance the resource-constrained IoT devices. The performance of the cloud-enhanced IoT applications depends on various system-wide information, such as the wireless channel states between IoT devices and their corresponding serving edge cloud nodes. However, with the semi-trusted edge resources and the public nature of wireless channels, public sharing of system information should be avoided to better balance the tradeoff between performance and security. In this paper, the benefits of local information exchange is investigated, where the privately-owned physical layer channel information is leveraged to extract lightweight keys. For the point-to-point wireless communications links with multiple passive eavesdroppers, the security metric in terms of conditional min-entropy is evaluated via the proposed Dynamic Bayesian Model. The proposed model can flexibly incorporate various dynamic information flows in the system and quantify the information leakage caused by wireless broadcasting. The rigorously defined and derived security metrics for such a key generation pipeline has been verified via the real-world collected time-varying wireless channel data. The designed model can achieve previously inconceivable security properties.
Quantum Communication becomes a new field of communication technologies with highly diverse applications, and much complexity, and is a promising area deserving further exploration. This paper aims to provide a complete expository of quantum communication, describing the principles that govern it, which is quite different from classical communication. However, the paper also reflects on how the industrialization of quantum communication was achieved and examples of funded projects that were developed. Quantum communication is then considered in the context of 6G networks, IoT, government, and defense to show the typical use of quantum communication in future information processing and secure communication domains. The paper aims to integrate the most recent developments, difficulties, and future outlook of the subject, hence serving as a thorough manual for researchers and practitioners operating in a complicated landscape of quantum communication technologies.
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolution of related technologies and applications such as Internet and mobile networks. Agriculture, as the source of food, is one of the key areas for the application of the IoT technology, and it is also the field with the most urgent, difficult and integrated characteristics of the IoT application. Future research into IoT will focus on generic technology, information security, and critical applications. Based on IoT, the existing Radio frequency identification system (RFID) security mechanisms are analyzed, with a focus on cryptographic protocols. Investigate the weaknesses or flaws in these protocols, and then a theoretical model and method to design and analyze RFID protocols within the provable security framework is discussed. A mutual authentication protocol of RFID system using synchronized secret information is put forward.
Humanity’s social, economic, and technological progress could not have been made without communications infrastructure. The need to attain the sophistication of long-distance communication has grown steadily since the dawn of civilization. The modern global communications system is the single greatest infrastructural project in human history. The global telecommunications grid which uses satellites, deep-sea fiber-optic systems, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, microwave and other radio, and optical-frequency communications networks are tremendous in coverage, unparalleled in connection, and ubiquitous in application. As we approach the middle of the 21st century, this system’s next major update will incorporate quantum communications technology. Quantum communication, in tandem with quantum computing and quantum sensing, constitutes one of the three pillars of second-generation quantum technology and promises an array of novel applications. Considering the reliable transmission of quantum information often requires the transport of individual particles of light photons through a world inundated by trillions upon trillions of photons, quantum communication systems are an engineering marvel. To provide a technological alternative for existing public-key encryption protocols, which are now susceptible to the threat posed by future quantum computing systems, nascent commercial quantum communication networks aim to realize the potential for cryptographic security provided by the laws of quantum mechanics. However, a number of obstacles must be overcome before quantum communications can be widely adopted. This study focuses on the current state of quantum communication, the promise of its prospects in the near and far future, the obstacles it faces, and the breakthroughs and applications developed by the United Arab Emirates.