In Cryptography, the Key Distribution methods is a secure way to transmit the keys.To transmit the key,the usage of the bits is high in Classical computers, where as in Quantum Computing it take fewer qubits than classical computers. In this work, we introduce a QKD (Quantum key Distribution) method that combines the Hadamard (H) gate and the Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate to increase randomness and attack detector. The Hadamard gate creates superposition qubits, giving random outcomes that cannot be predicted unless the measurement is made. The CNOT gate uses entanglement in qubit pairs, so if anyone attempts to intercept or disturb one qubit, it can be detected immediately. Compared to classical key exchange, which often needs many bits and strong computational power this quantum approach generates secure keys using fewer bits because superposition and entanglement naturally provide randomness and correlation. Simulations of the proposed circuit show stronger security and faster key generation, making this method suitable for future lightweight and highly secure communication systems.
In Cryptography, the Key Distribution methods is a secure way to transmit the keys.To transmit the key,the usage of the bits is high in Classical computers, where as in Quantum Computing it take fewer qubits than classical computers. In this work, we introduce a QKD (Quantum key Distribution) method that combines the Hadamard (H) gate and the Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate to increase randomness and attack detector. The Hadamard gate creates superposition qubits, giving random outcomes that cannot be predicted unless the measurement is made. The CNOT gate uses entanglement in qubit pairs, so if anyone attempts to intercept or disturb one qubit, it can be detected immediately. Compared to classical key exchange, which often needs many bits and strong computational power this quantum approach generates secure keys using fewer bits because superposition and entanglement naturally provide randomness and correlation. Simulations of the proposed circuit show stronger security and faster key generation, making this method suitable for future lightweight and highly secure communication systems.
Cryptography is evolving to meet the demands of future cyber technologies, but classical cryptographic methods remain vulnerable to interception. Cryptographic techniques struggle to address the evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) emerges as a superior alternative, leveraging quantum mechanics principles such as superposition and entanglement for secure key exchanges. This chapter details the implementation of a Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) using fundamental single-qubit operation including Hadamard (H), Rotation (RZ) and square-root NOT (SX) gates using IBM Quantum Platform. We evaluate the integration of this QTRNG across several discrete variable QKD protocols: BB84, B92, E91, T22, Differential Phase Shift, and SARG04. The study focuses on how the QTRNG contributes to the randomness and security of these protocols, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing high-quality quantum keys that meet rigorous cryptographic standards.
The traditional security system, which depends on asymmetric and symmetric key exchange protocol, is now under threat due to recent developments in quantum computing. In order to generate the safe key without storing the qubit by the sender or recipient trustworthy parties, a unique Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol was presented. Four random classical bits coupled to generate a pair of bell states in any of the places {(1,2,3,4), (1,3,2,4) and (1,4,2,3)}. "n/2" groups were used to generate the raw key while the remaining groups were used to check for Eve. The flying bell states scatter into four separate bell states as a result of Eve's involvement in choosing the incorrect measurement basis, which causes entanglement swapping and its identification during communication. The sender will alter the key in accordance with the receiver's position preference because, in traditional communication, key receiving parties must announce the position information. Under the intercept-measure-resend attack, the trade-off between the key generating rate and disturbance is computed and security is examined. Circuit simulation is demonstrated graphically in IBM Quantum Lab and the proposed protocol is implemented.
Quantum computing computes using superposition principles and entanglement principles that are the part of quantum. Quantum computers are used to solve certain problems that cannot be solved using classical computers. The most widely using quantum models are quantum circuit uses qubits or quantum bits.In cryptography, Quantum cryptography provides more security than classical methods. Shor’s algorithm and Grover’s algorithm are mainly used methods for quantum cryptography. The encryption and decryption is done using Rectilinear bases or Diagonal bases in random manner.The Quantum key distribution QKD is a symmetric encryption key distribution method. The important feature of QKD is authentication and confidentiality. Public key protocol and a symmetric secret key is used to provide quantum safe key exchange and guarantee for long term communication in the network. In the proposed system, the Morse code is used for encryption and decryption. The Morse code used to encrypt bits as light photons that are required for quantum key distribution.
As digital communication continues to expand across critical infrastructures, ensuring data security has become more challenging in the face of advancing computational capabilities, especially with the anticipated rise of quantum computers. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) presents a revolutionary approach to secure communications by leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to enable the secure exchange of cryptographic keys. Unlike classical encryption methods that rely on computational complexity, QKD ensures unconditional security, as any attempt to intercept the key disturbs the quantum state, revealing the presence of eavesdroppers. This paper explores the current developments in QKD protocols, including BB84 and E91, as well as practical challenges in implementation, such as distance limitations and hardware requirements. Furthermore, it discusses recent advancements in satellite-based QKD, integrated photonics, and quantum networks, highlighting their potential to reshape the landscape of secure global communication. The integration of QKD into future communication infrastructure is positioned to be a cornerstone of post-quantum cryptography, making it a vital technology in the era of quantum computing.
Secure communication has become essential due to the rapid increase in cyber-attacks and data security threats in modern networks. Traditional communication systems mainly rely on classical security methods, which may become vulnerable to advanced attacks. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) improves secure communication by generating cryptographic keys using quantum principles, making key interception extremely difficult. In this work, a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) is integrated with classical communication to develop a hybrid quantum-classical communication framework. The QRNG generates highly random bits that improve authentication, randomness, and key security. The proposed system compares three QKD protocols: BB84, B92, and E91 using different bit sizes of 8000, 10000, and 13000 bits. The protocols are evaluated using important metrics such as QBER, key rate, entropy, erasure rate, throughput, and correlation. Experimental results show that all protocols achieved entropy values close to 1 and correlation values near zero, indicating strong randomness and secure key generation. Among the evaluated protocols, E91 achieved lower QBER values and higher key rates, while BB84 showed stable and reliable performance. B92 produced comparatively higher error rates under similar conditions. The throughput remained nearly 278–281 bits/sec across all experiments. A ranking-based analysis confirmed that E91 provides the best balance between security, efficiency, and communication performance, making it suitable for future quantum-secure communication systems.
This paper presents a novel approach to cryptographic key generation leveraging fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum superposition and quantum entanglement. The core idea centers around Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, employing these quantum phenomena to establish a secure key exchange. We detail a method for generating keys based on the inherent uncertainty associated with quantum measurement, providing a significantly enhanced level of security compared to traditional key generation methods reliant on computational complexity. The proposed system utilizes entangled photon pairs to create a shared random key, followed by classical post-processing steps to eliminate errors and ensure key secrecy. The theoretical framework is presented with a focus on the mathematical underpinnings of quantum key generation and security proofs. We examine the potential vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies, highlighting the robustness of the approach against eavesdropping attempts. The development of this system aims to address the growing need for truly secure cryptographic solutions in an era of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. ---