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Journal of Computer Science

A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on Random Bell Pair Selection

Devendar Rao Babu, Ramkumar Jayaraman

Published Sep 1, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The traditional security system, which depends on asymmetric and symmetric key exchange protocol, is now under threat due to recent developments in quantum computing. In order to generate the safe key without storing the qubit by the sender or recipient trustworthy parties, a unique Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol was presented. Four random classical bits coupled to generate a pair of bell states in any of the places {(1,2,3,4), (1,3,2,4) and (1,4,2,3)}. "n/2" groups were used to generate the raw key while the remaining groups were used to check for Eve. The flying bell states scatter into four separate bell states as a result of Eve's involvement in choosing the incorrect measurement basis, which causes entanglement swapping and its identification during communication. The sender will alter the key in accordance with the receiver's position preference because, in traditional communication, key receiving parties must announce the position information. Under the intercept-measure-resend attack, the trade-off between the key generating rate and disturbance is computed and security is examined. Circuit simulation is demonstrated graphically in IBM Quantum Lab and the proposed protocol is implemented.

DOI
10.3844/jcssp.2023.1160.1169

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The traditional security system, which depends on asymmetric and symmetric key exchange protocol, is now under threat due to recent developments in quantum computing. In order to generate the safe key without storing the qubit by the sender or recipient trustworthy parties, a unique Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol was presented. Four random classical bits coupled to generate a pair of bell states in any of the places {(1,2,3,4), (1,3,2,4) and (1,4,2,3)}. "n/2" groups were used to generate the raw key while the remaining groups were used to check for Eve. The flying bell states scatter into four separate bell states as a result of Eve's involvement in choosing the incorrect measurement basis, which causes entanglement swapping and its identification during communication. The sender will alter the key in accordance with the receiver's position preference because, in traditional communication, key receiving parties must announce the position information. Under the intercept-measure-resend attack, the trade-off between the key generating rate and disturbance is computed and security is examined. Circuit simulation is demonstrated graphically in IBM Quantum Lab and the proposed protocol is implemented.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows two legitimate parties to establish a secret key with informationtheoretic security. However, existing protocols have a very low noise tolerance, limiting their deployment in practical quantum channels with finite resources. We propose a novel QKD protocol based on entanglement swapping that achieves higher noise tolerance and improved key rates. In the proposed protocol, a six-bit symbol is encoded in a six-qubit state formed by randomly grouping the state into three pairs to form three Bell states. The proposed protocol maintains a positive secrecy rate for eavesdropper interception probabilities approaching 100 % under the intercept-and-resend attack model, significantly outperforming existing protocols in the literature.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is used in quantum cryptographic systems to exchange secret key between parties who need to communicate secretly. According to the structure of European Secoqc QKD network, a QKD protocol is proposed. Entanglement swapping between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs can be used to exchange message bits in two remote places. Based on this idea, n + 1 EPR pairs are used as logical quantum channel (for n nodes per routing), while measurements of Bell operator are transmitted by classical channel. Random space quantum channel selection is exploited in our protocol to improve the probability of revealing Eve. Compared with traditional EPR protocol, the proposed protocol exhibits many features, which are minutely described.
A quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on constructed nonorthogonal states is proposed. By transmitting the photons from Bell states in random order the sender constructs nonorthogonal states, which can prevent an eavesdropper from extracting the key information. At the destination, the receiver performs Bell measurements and then obtains secure key. Different from previous nonorthogonal-states-based QKD protocols, our protocol exhibits a new feature, that is, the users can also obtain some key bits even when they choose different "bases"! Thus it can reach a higher efficiency in theory. Besides, we present a trade-off between the information that an eavesdropper can elicit and the corresponding error rate he/she would introduce, which shows that our protocol is secure.
We propose a four-qubit quantum key distribution protocol via two Bell states which constitute a transmitted unit from the sender to the receiver in each communication. An encryption here is designed by randomly grouping four qubits of a unit into two new couples, which is a way to increase the possibility of detecting the eavesdropper. Ultimately, the receiver randomly measures this grouped unit with two Bell state measurements. From the comparison of grouping information of these four qubits, we find that the two sides in a valid communication can discover the illegal party in the channel. In the proposed protocol, the receiver measures the unit when he receives it instantly, which is an efficient way to overcome the ultrashort storage time of quantum state.
Entanglement swapping between EPR pairs can be used to generate the same sequence of random bits in two remote places. A quantum key distribution protocol based on this idea is described. The scheme exhibits the following features: (a) It improves the rate of generated bits for transmitted qubit. (b) It allows Alice and Bob to generate a key of arbitrary length using a single quantum system (three EPR pairs), instead of a long sequence of them. (c) Detecting Eve requires the comparison of fewer bits. (d) Entanglement is an essential ingredient. The scheme assumes reliable measurements of the Bell operator.
In order to enhance the efficiency of quantum key distribution( QKD),a protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange or unitary operations,the two communication parts can securely share a session key by entanglement swapping and Bell measurement. Almost all qubits,except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel,can produce the private key,and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring Dilation Theorem and the efficiency analysis is presented.