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Physical Review A

Single-photon frequency comb generation in a giant-atom cavity coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide

Amal Vijayalekshmi Sivakumar, Jiru Liu, M. Suhail Zubairy

Published Dec 9, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/wl2k-ks4b

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The simulation codes for the figures (5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13) used in our article 'Single-photon frequency comb generation in a giant-atom cavity coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide' are available here. Fig. 5: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially outside the giant-atom cavity. Fig. 6: Cavity finesse as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom. Fig. 8: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially inside the giant-atom cavity. Fig. 9: Spectral enhancement as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom.Fig 10: Number of peaks, Peak location, Peak spacing as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom. Fig 11: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially inside the giant-atom cavity, with reduced coupling strength.Fig 12: Number of peaks, Peak location, Peak spacing as a function of the coupling strength. Fig 13: Cavity linewidth, Spectral enhancement as a function of the coupling strength.

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Giant atoms introduce promising avenues for enhancing light-matter interaction in waveguides, which plays a crucial role in quantum information processing and quantum state control. In this work, we study the dynamics of a system comprising a single-photon Gaussian pulse initially inside a cavity with giant-atom mirrors coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. The decay rate of the photon pulse can be significantly minimized by using giant atoms instead of point atoms and by carefully selecting the spacing between the coupling points of the giant atom to the waveguide. The quality factor for the cavity is analyzed by varying the number of atoms, coupling points, and coupling point spacing in each mirror to find the optimal parameters for a high $Q$-factor cavity. Our work contributes to the design of more efficient, high-quality quantum devices such as integrated quantum photonic circuits.

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The simulation codes for the figures (5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13) used in our article 'Single-photon frequency comb generation in a giant-atom cavity coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide' are available here. Fig. 5: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially outside the giant-atom cavity. Fig. 6: Cavity finesse as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom. Fig. 8: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially inside the giant-atom cavity. Fig. 9: Spectral enhancement as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom.Fig 10: Number of peaks, Peak location, Peak spacing as a function of the number of giant atoms and the number of coupling points per giant atom. Fig 11: Frequency spectra of a single photon Gaussian pulse initially inside the giant-atom cavity, with reduced coupling strength.Fig 12: Number of peaks, Peak location, Peak spacing as a function of the coupling strength. Fig 13: Cavity linewidth, Spectral enhancement as a function of the coupling strength.
An atomic chain coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) photonic waveguide can become a very good atom mirror. This atom mirror can have a very high reflectivity for a single-photon pulse due to the collective interaction between the atoms. Two atom arrays coupled to a 1D waveguide can form a good cavity. When a single-photon pulse is incident from one side of the cavity, only a discrete subset of photon frequencies can transmit the cavity and the transmitted frequencies are almost equally spaced, which is similar to a frequency comb. The linewidth of the comb frequency can be reduced if we increase the atom number in the atomic arrays. More interestingly, if the photon pulse is initially inside the cavity, the photon spectrum after a long time of interaction is also discretized with the comb frequencies being significantly amplified while other frequencies being largely suppressed. This single-photon frequency comb may be useful for precision measurement.
Giant atoms introduce promising avenues for enhancing light-matter interaction in waveguides, which plays a crucial role in quantum information processing and quantum state control. In this work, we study the dynamics of a system comprising a single-photon Gaussian pulse initially inside a cavity with giant-atom mirrors coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. The decay rate of the photon pulse can be significantly minimized by using giant atoms instead of point atoms and by carefully selecting the spacing between the coupling points of the giant atom to the waveguide. The quality factor for the cavity is analyzed by varying the number of atoms, coupling points, and coupling point spacing in each mirror to find the optimal parameters for a high QQQ-factor cavity. Our work contributes to the design of more efficient, high-quality quantum devices such as integrated quantum photonic circuits.