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Design and Implementation of a Quantum Enhanced Hybrid Cryptosystem Using BB84 and Classical Encryption

S. Shirley Helen Judith, V. Kaliraj

Published Dec 3, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper is all about making digital communication more secure by combining quantum technology with traditional encryption methods. Normally, we use algorithms like RSA and AES to encrypt messages, but with the increase of quantum technology, those methods might not be safe enough in the future. So, in this system, we’ve used something called the BB84 quantum cryptography key distribution protocol, when using the law of quantum physics to securely create keys for encryption. These keys are then used in RSA and AES to encrypt and decrypt messages, making the communication extremely secure. We’ve also built a simple graphical interface where users can generate keys, encrypt/decrypt messages, and even see visual graphs comparing the performance of our hybrid system with standalone AES and RSA. Overall, this paper shows how we can build a future-proof secure communication system by blending classical cryptography with quantum concepts in a practical and user-friendly way.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-8175104/v1

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Abstract This paper is all about making digital communication more secure by combining quantum technology with traditional encryption methods. Normally, we use algorithms like RSA and AES to encrypt messages, but with the increase of quantum technology, those methods might not be safe enough in the future. So, in this system, we’ve used something called the BB84 quantum cryptography key distribution protocol, when using the law of quantum physics to securely create keys for encryption. These keys are then used in RSA and AES to encrypt and decrypt messages, making the communication extremely secure. We’ve also built a simple graphical interface where users can generate keys, encrypt/decrypt messages, and even see visual graphs comparing the performance of our hybrid system with standalone AES and RSA. Overall, this paper shows how we can build a future-proof secure communication system by blending classical cryptography with quantum concepts in a practical and user-friendly way.
This study provides an integrated quantum classical and traditional cryptographic framework that combines the Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution to RSA and AES for achieving highly enhanced secure communication. Upgrading the previous work, involving a BB84 with RSA and AES hybrid scheme. Similarly, this paper advances the security by incorporating DI-QKD in which it rejects assumptions about the internal functioning of the quantum devices and protects against the side channel attacks. In this proposed model, DI-QKD helps to create or generate provably secure shared keys, based on Bell-inequality violations whereas RSA ensures reliability in authentication and public key exchange. AES provides high-speed symmetric encryption for the mass data protection. This paper therefore establishes the complete DI-QKD with RSA and AES workflow simulating secure key generation; producing encrypted message outputs and the performance metrics such as key generation rate; quantum bit error rate; encryption time and overall system throughput is measured. These graphical results are compared with the earlier BB84 hybrid model to evaluate operational efficiency, resistance to adversarial interference and security robustness and too highlights the quantitative improvement offered by DI-QKD especially in antagonistic or untrusted device scenarios. Hence this paper demonstrates that the DI-QKD with RSA, AES hybrid system offering strengthened quantum safe security with classical compatibility, positioning it as a propitious architecture for the futuristic cryptographic networks.
Quantum computing technologies are rapidly evolving and are expected to challenge the security of traditional cryptographicsystems in the near future. To address this issue, this research introduces a secure two-way communication framework based onthe BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol combined with AES-GCM encryption. The proposed system establishesquantum-generated secret keys between two communicating nodes and uses those keys for authenticated symmetric encryption.The implementation includes dynamic key pool management, automatic key regeneration, Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER)analysis, eavesdropper detection, and real-time secure communication monitoring. A Streamlit-based graphical interface enablesvisualization of quantum transmission behavior, communication status, encrypted message exchange, and channel securitymetrics. Experimental observations show that the system successfully detects interception attempts through increased QBERwhile maintaining reliable communication under secure channel conditions. The developed framework demonstrates thepracticality of integrating quantum key exchange mechanisms with modern encryption methods for next-generation securecommunication systems.
Cryptography enables modern-day secure communication. The advancement of quantum algorithms has made classical cryptosystems ineffective. Important data has been encrypted and verified using digital signatures and cryptography. Classical cryptography systems were on the edge of collapse when quantum algorithms were introduced, since quantum computers can solve complex problems in less time. It is important to be prepared for future threats, even if standard cryptosystems are presumably safe for the moment being because quantum computing is not yet developed. One use of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which is a way to safely share encryption keys between communication parties by utilizing quantum physics. Hybrid classical-quantum methods offer protection from both classical & quantum attackers, which can help smooth the way for the change. We introduce a new way to build hybrid encryption schemes from preexisting ones. First, the paper examines classical cryptosystems vulnerability to quantum computers. Then, it investigate into different families of post-quantum cryptosystems, checks in on the NIST's post-quantum cryptography consistency process, and finally, compares the performance of algorithms using post-quantum cryptography on various platforms. Along with discussing and evaluating current methods, this paper also discusses a novel hybrid quantum cryptographic system that employs message authentication codes with enhanced lattice based cryptography.
Digital communication development creates an increasing threat to data security because emerging quantum computing technologies easily overcome traditional methods of encryption. A security system that integrates traditional encrypting with quantum computing methods shows promise for enhancing safety of networks mechanisms. The Hybrid Quantum Classical–Advanced Encryption System (HQC–AES) integrates the safe symmetrical functionality of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) procedures, specifically BB84 and E91, to ensure quantum resiliency. A secure key exchange together with real-time eavesdropper detection becomes possible through this combined approach, which maintains data confidentiality at a high level. A synthesis of post-quantum cryptography methods, such as Kyber and Falcon, safeguards traditional ways of communicating alongside quantum structures that lack comparability. The HQC–AES model provides solutions to three key cryptographic problems including secure key handling and distribution as well as encrypted transmission and long-term protection. Quantum mechanics enables protection enhancement for both conventional and quantum-based attacks by integrating it with advanced classical encryption methods. Theoretically, simulators and models show that the hybrid model maintains the technical agility of networks via several networked connections while simultaneously securing the reliability of data. The architecture delivers scalable security features to protect high-security cloud applications and financial systems and Internet of Things (IoT) resources by ensuring paramount secure communication capabilities. In safeguarding the transfer of data across several network circumstances, the suggested HQC–AES approach attained an overall accuracy of 98.7%. The fact that it is resistant to both conventional and quantum-based assaults and manages to keep data secure and intact is reflected in its excellent accuracy.
The project “Quantum Cryptography for Secure Messaging” aims to create a highly secure communication system using the BB84 protocol, a key method in quantum key distribution. As traditional encryption systems face growing threats from cyberattacks and future quantum computers, this project provides a future-proof solution for message encryption. It uses simulated quantum bits (qubits) to generate secret keys based on quantum mechanics, ensuring that any eavesdropping attempts can be detected instantly. The process involves encoding binary data into quantum states, securely exchanging keys, and applying them for symmetric encryption of messages. Key features include real-time key generation, automatic encryption and decryption, and intrusion detection. The expected outcome is a working prototype of a secure messaging system that can resist both current and emerging security challenges, highlighting the potential of quantum cryptography as a foundation for the next generation of digital security.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a serious threat to traditional cryptographic systems such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which rely on computational difficulty for security. Quantum algorithms like Shor’s and Grover’s have the potential to break or weaken these methods, putting modern communication systems at risk. To address this challenge, this work presents a quantum-safe com-munication framework that combines the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol with Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) techniques, aiming to ensure secure data exchange in the presence of quantum-capable adversaries. In this system, the BB84 protocol is simulated to enable secure key exchange between two parties over a virtual quantum channel. The generated key is refined through processes such as basis matching, error correction, and privacy amplification using SHA-256 to ensure reliability and secrecy. For secur-ing communication, One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption is used alongside HMAC-SHA3-256 to provide both confidentiality and message integrity. Additionally, file encryption is handled using the XChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm, selected for its efficiency and strong protection against potential vulnerabilities like nonce reuse. To further enhance security, the framework integrates a hybrid key management approach using the Kyber-512 Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) combined with a Key Deriva-tion Function (KDF), merging classical and quantum-resistant techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, achieving a Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) of 2.5% and successful performance in both message and file en-cryption. Overall, this work contributes toward the development of practical and resilient communication systems designed for the emerging quantum era.