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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Hierarchy of many-body localized bound states in an interacting open lattice

Yanxia Liu, Shu Chen

Published Nov 4, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We unveil the mechanism of the puzzling boundary-localized bound states formation in a spinless fermionic open lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions. By solving the Bethe-ansatz equation analytically, we uncover asymmetrical string solutions corresponding to the boundary-localized bound states, which emerge in systems with at least three particles. The localized bound states (LBSs) can become bound states in continuum with a suitably chosen parameter. When the number of particles increases to five or more, additional LBSs away from the boundary are also observed. Through rigorous analysis, we derive recurrence relations of the quasimomentum of the localized states as a function of the number of particles, predicting the presence of a hierarchy of many-body LBSs in interacting open lattices.

DOI
10.1103/j8px-m6tn

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We unveil the mechanism of the puzzling boundary-localized bound states formation in a spinless fermionic open lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions. By solving the Bethe-ansatz equation analytically, we uncover asymmetrical string solutions corresponding to the boundary-localized bound states, which emerge in systems with at least three particles. The localized bound states (LBSs) can become bound states in continuum with a suitably chosen parameter. When the number of particles increases to five or more, additional LBSs away from the boundary are also observed. Through rigorous analysis, we derive recurrence relations of the quasimomentum of the localized states as a function of the number of particles, predicting the presence of a hierarchy of many-body LBSs in interacting open lattices.
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We consider a system of three particles consisting of two identical fermions and one other particle on a one-dimensional lattice. The fermions interact via a nearest-neighbor potential of strength μ1∈R\mu_1\in\mathbb{R}μ1​∈R , while the interaction between a fermion and one other particle is via an on-site potential with strength μ2∈R{\mu_2\in\mathbb{R}}μ2​∈R . We establish existence of bound states of the associated three-body lattice Schrödinger operator for all values of the total quasimomentum K∈T1K\in\mathbb{T}^1K∈T1 . Furthermore, we show that both the bound state fμ1μ2(K; ⋅ , ⋅ )f_{\mu_1\mu_2}(K;\,{\cdot}\,{,}\,{\cdot}\,)fμ1​μ2​​(K;⋅,⋅) and its corresponding eigenvalue Eμ1μ2(K)E_{\mu_1\mu_2}(K)Eμ1​μ2​​(K) depend holomorphically on the quasimomentum.
The author explores some of the inherent simplifications of "quantum lattice physics." He distinguishes between fermions and bosons and analyzes the nnn-body problem for each, with n=1,2,3…n=1,2,3\dots{}n=1,2,3… typically a small number. With delta-function (zero-range) interactions, the three-body problem on a lattice is manageable, and some results can even be extrapolated to $n\ensuremath{\ge}4$. Such calculations are not limited to one dimension (where the well-known Bethe ansatz solves a number of nnn-body problems). On the contrary, studies cited are mainly in three dimensions and actually simplify with increasing dimensionality. For example, it is found that bound states of $n\ensuremath{\ge}3$ particles in $d\ensuremath{\ge}3$ dimensions are formed discontinuously as the strength of two-body attractive forces is increased, and are therefore always in the easily analyzed "strong coupling limit." In the Appendix, an exactly solved example from the theory of itinerant-electron magnetism illustrates how a rigorous solution to the few-body problem is capable of yielding information concerning the NNN-body problem.
Abstract Bound states in the continuum (BICs), referring to spatially localized bound states with energies falling within the range of extended modes, have been extensively investigated in single-particle systems, leading to diverse applications in photonics, acoustics, and other classical-wave systems. Recently, there has been theoretical interest in exploring many-body BICs in interacting quantum systems, which necessitate the careful design of impurity potentials or spatial profiles of interaction. Here, we propose a type of many-body BICs localized at boundaries, which can be purely induced by the uniform onsite interaction without requiring any specific design of impurity potential or nonlocal interaction. We numerically show that three or more interacting bosons can concentrate on the boundary of a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which is absent at single- and two-particle counterparts. Moreover, the eigenenergy of multi-boson bound states can embed within the continuous energy spectra of extended scattering states, thereby giving rise to interaction-induced boundary many-body BICs. Furthermore, by mapping Fock states of three and four bosons to nonlinear circuit networks, we experimentally simulate boundary many-body BICs. Our findings enrich the comprehension of correlated BICs beyond the single-particle level, and have the potential to inspire future investigations on exploring many-body BICs.