Quantum computing poses an unparalleled threat to the conventional methodologies of image encryption through its capability for mathematical-based security breaking. This paper discusses the integration of chaos theory with quantum mechanics in the development of robust algorithms for image encryption, considering the inherent vulnerabilities of classical approaches. We start with the basics of chaos theory and its implications in cryptography, emphasizing sensitivity regarding initial conditions and the unpredictability of chaotic systems. Then, we reviewed some of the existing quantum image encryption techniques and their limitations. Our analysis elucidates the potential of chaos-driven quantum algorithms for key generation and image scrambling to enhance security metrics such as key sensitivity, entropy, and unpredictability. We further discuss the performance of such algorithms in resistance against different attack vectors and their application domains, including healthcare, military, and digital rights management. The paper concludes by pointing out the directions of future research, hence calling for further development of sophisticated chaotic maps to integrate them into practical quantum image encryption solutions. The study points out that chaos-based quantum image encryption has strong potential to defend against evolving cyber threats.
Quantum computing poses an unparalleled threat to the conventional methodologies of image encryption through its capability for mathematical-based security breaking. This paper discusses the integration of chaos theory with quantum mechanics in the development of robust algorithms for image encryption, considering the inherent vulnerabilities of classical approaches. We start with the basics of chaos theory and its implications in cryptography, emphasizing sensitivity regarding initial conditions and the unpredictability of chaotic systems. Then, we reviewed some of the existing quantum image encryption techniques and their limitations. Our analysis elucidates the potential of chaos-driven quantum algorithms for key generation and image scrambling to enhance security metrics such as key sensitivity, entropy, and unpredictability. We further discuss the performance of such algorithms in resistance against different attack vectors and their application domains, including healthcare, military, and digital rights management. The paper concludes by pointing out the directions of future research, hence calling for further development of sophisticated chaotic maps to integrate them into practical quantum image encryption solutions. The study points out that chaos-based quantum image encryption has strong potential to defend against evolving cyber threats.
The emergence of quantum computing has introduced unprecedented security challenges to conventional cryptographic systems, particularly in the domain of optical communications. This research addresses these challenges by innovatively combining quantum key distribution (QKD), specifically the E91 protocol, with logistic chaotic maps to establish a secure image transmission scheme. Our approach utilizes the unpredictability of chaotic systems alongside the robust security mechanisms inherent in quantum entanglement. The scheme is further fortified with an eavesdropping detection mechanism based on CHSH inequality, thereby enhancing its resilience against unauthorized access. Through quantitative simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme in encrypting images, achieving high entropy and sensitivity to the original images. The results indicate a significant improvement in encryption and decryption efficiency, showcasing the potential of the scheme as a viable solution against the vulnerabilities posed by quantum computing advancements. Our research offers a novel perspective in secure optical communications, blending the principles of chaos theory with QKD to create a more robust cryptographic framework.
Quantum image encryption (QIE) has emerged as a promising solution for securing digital data in an era dominated by rapid advancements in quantum computing and increasing cyber threats. Traditional cryptographic techniques, which rely on classical encryption methods, are vulnerable to the computational power of quantum algorithms, posing significant challenges for maintaining data privacy and integrity. This survey presents a thorough review of quantum encryption techniques, highlighting both their limitations and advantages, with a particular emphasis on their ability to ensure secure visual data transmission in the post-quantum era. Additionally, it provides a comparative analysis of classical and quantum cryptographic techniques, with a primary focus on quantum encryption methods. The survey also explores potential solutions to address the challenges inherent in classical encryption schemes, highlighting how these challenges can be mitigated through quantum encryption approaches. As quantum computing continues to evolve, the need for quantum-secure encryption methods becomes more critical. This survey not only highlights the innovative techniques that show promise for future secure visual data transmission but also identifies key areas for future research and development, paving the way for robust and scalable solutions in the quantum computing era.
The proposed work delves into the utilization of chaotic maps along with the quantum mechanisms to strengthen the security of the digital images along with addressing the limitations posed by conventional 1-D chaotic systems characterized by their pseudorandom and periodic attributes. Leveraging the inherent uncertainty in quantum theory, the proposed research introduces a new image encryption scheme. This method is built upon the concepts of two-dimensional quantum coding and the 1-D sine-based chaotic map (1-D SBCM). In the proposed encryption scheme, initially, a random sequence is created using 1-D SBCM by varying the seed parameters. This sequence is subsequently utilized for the purpose of scrambling. After that, a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is meticulously devised, drawing inspiration from the concepts of quantum coherence. This PRNG generates a confidential code stream that defies predictability and remains incongruent with the plaintext image, thereby contributing to heightened security levels. Subsequently, the research employs the novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) model, capitalizing on its advanced capabilities. Within this framework, the study introduces a quantum right cyclic shift operator, as well as a quantum XOR operator. These operators play a vital role in the formation of highly robust encrypted images. The application of these quantum operators not only enhances the security measures but also increases the complexity of the encryption procedure Statistical evidence derived from comprehensive experimentation corroborates the efficacy of the proposed image encryption scheme. Through rigorous analysis, it becomes evident that the system exhibits a robust performance in terms of strong security. The integration of quantum principles and quantum coding demonstrates that the proposed encryption scheme is resilient against potential threats.
This research presents a novel hybrid image encryption system that combines quantum cryptography, chaos theory and reservoir computing to address the limitations of conventional encryption methods. With the rapid advancements in quantum computing, traditional systems like RSA, DHKE (related to prime number factorization) are vulnerable to quantum attacks i.e. Shor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm. In response, this study proposes a hybrid solution that uses quantum cryptographic protocols, particularly the E91 protocol, to generate secure, eavesdrop-proof keys through quantum entanglement. The integration of chaos theory, specifically the Lorenz hyper-chaotic system, enhances the encryption system by adding unpredictability and sensitivity to initial conditions, making it more resistant to both classical and quantum-based attacks. Reservoir computing is used to improve computational efficiency, enabling faster and more effective encryption and decryption processes. The system achieved encryption times as low as 0.0296s and decryption times as low as 0.0164s for 128x128 images, with MAE reduced for 300-600 node networks, and NPCR and UACI above 99.6% and 0.49, respectively, across various image sizes and configurations. By combining quantum cryptography, chaos theory and reservoir computing, this approach offers both enhanced security and practical feasibility for image encryption in the age of quantum computing.
The rapid growth in the storage and transmission of visual data across communication, sensing, and decision-making systems requires image encryption methods that are both computationally efficient and resilient against quantum-enabled adversaries. Classical chaotic encryption offers desirable properties such as sensitivity, unpredictability, and large key spaces, but its practical use is limited by restricted chaotic ranges, and conventional confusion–diffusion mechanisms often fail to eliminate structural redundancies in images. This thesis furthers the field by developing novel chaotic and gate-efficient quantum image encryption architectures. First, it introduces a new cosine-modulated polynomial chaotic map and validates its dynamical and statistical suitability for cryptographic key generation. Second, it designs lightweight yet effective chaotic primitives, including the Single-Round Single S-Box (SRSS) confusion mechanism and the featureaware diffusion scheme (PermutEx) that address the limitations in breaking correlation and maintaining efficiency. Third, these components are integrated into a complete endto- end chaos-based encryption framework that combines feature-driven segmentation, adaptive permutation, and dynamic confusion, demonstrating strong security across entropy, correlation, and differential metrics. Finally, the thesis advances two quantum image encryption architectures, i.e., a chaos-enhanced quantum image encryption framework that strengthens quantum confusion and diffusion mechanisms, and a gate-efficient architecture that reduces circuit depth and multi-qubit operations while retaining robust security. The proposed architectures achieve improved computational efficiency compared to existing chaos-based and quantum image encryption techniques, by reducing redundant operations, minimising circuit depth, and enabling lightweight yet effective confusion-diffusion processes. Consequently, this thesis provides a way forward for advancing image encryption by integrating chaotic and quantum approaches, offering practical steps for protecting visual data in the post-quantum era.
ABSTRACT The emergence of quantum computing has introduced unprecedented security challenges to conventional cryptographic systems, particularly in the domain of classical communications. Our research addresses these challenges by creatively combining quantum key distribution (QKD), specifically the E91 protocol, with logistic chaotic maps to establish a secure image transmission scheme. Our approach utilises the pseudo‐randomness of chaotic systems alongside the security mechanisms inherent in quantum entanglement‐based protocols. This framework leverages the E91 protocol for secure quantum key distribution to generate identical key pairs at both ends, followed by chaos encryption using the key as a basis for the parameters. This framework utilises the E91 protocol for secure quantum key distribution, leveraging maximally entangled pairs and CHSH inequality tests to detect eavesdropping and potential double‐agent attacks by identifying nonentangled qubits, therefore maintaining key confidentiality. Furthermore, through quantitative simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme through key space and key sensitivity analysis, histogram analysis, information entropy analysis, execution time analysis, and differential attack analysis in end‐to‐end encryption. The results indicate a significant improvement in encryption and decryption efficiency, showcasing the scheme's potential as a viable solution against the vulnerabilities posed by quantum computing advancements. Our research offers a novel perspective on a critical aspect of cybersecurity applications across healthcare, defence, finance, and beyond in the realm of secure quantum communication.