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Acta Physica Sinica

Reception of Loran-C signals based on Rydberg atoms

Yipeng XIE, Mingwei Lei, SHI Meng

Published Nov 25, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Loran-C系统凭借其低频信号在抗干扰和穿透能力方面的优势，可作为全球卫星导航系统GNSS（ Global Navigation Satellite System）的有效备份，然而，传统Loran-C接收机存在灵敏度低、体积庞大等固有缺陷。本文提出一种基于里德堡原子传感器的Loran-C信号接收机，利用参比电极将Loran-C低频电场耦合至内置平行电极板的原子气室中，并使用直流电场辅助优化，通过电磁感应透明EIT（ ElectromagneticallyInduced Transparency）效应结合斯塔克频移效应，实现对电场强度与相位信息的直接高灵敏度测量。研究构建了基于FPGA的硬件采集与MATLAB的信号处理平台，成功实现了天地波识别、时间差提取与定位解算和授时解码，实验验证了该里德堡原子Loran-C接收机的定位以及授时功能。研究表明，里德堡原子传感器有望显著提升Loran-C信号的低频探测灵敏度与动态范围，为发展下一代高可靠、高性能的导航授时系统开辟了量子传感技术的新途径。

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20250900

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Loran-C系统凭借其低频信号在抗干扰和穿透能力方面的优势，可作为全球卫星导航系统GNSS（ Global Navigation Satellite System）的有效备份，然而，传统Loran-C接收机存在灵敏度低、体积庞大等固有缺陷。本文提出一种基于里德堡原子传感器的Loran-C信号接收机，利用参比电极将Loran-C低频电场耦合至内置平行电极板的原子气室中，并使用直流电场辅助优化，通过电磁感应透明EIT（ ElectromagneticallyInduced Transparency）效应结合斯塔克频移效应，实现对电场强度与相位信息的直接高灵敏度测量。研究构建了基于FPGA的硬件采集与MATLAB的信号处理平台，成功实现了天地波识别、时间差提取与定位解算和授时解码，实验验证了该里德堡原子Loran-C接收机的定位以及授时功能。研究表明，里德堡原子传感器有望显著提升Loran-C信号的低频探测灵敏度与动态范围，为发展下一代高可靠、高性能的导航授时系统开辟了量子传感技术的新途径。
里德堡原子对长波电信号具有高灵敏接收能力，是解决地基长波授时系统在边远区域因信号微弱导致授时性能下降的关键技术．然而，在里德堡原子的电场测量中，罗兰-C信号面临原子气室静电屏蔽效应和倍频噪声引起的保真度下降问题．本研究采用双光子方案制备里德堡态原子，结合调制转移光谱（MTS）和电磁诱导透明（EIT）频率稳定系统以及馈入强直流场的内置平行极板气室，实现对罗兰-C信号的高保真接收，单脉冲保真度为98.0%、包周差为0.08μs；接收脉冲组奇偶周期信号并展示其相位反转特性．本研究为里德堡原子接收解调长波授时信息提供关键技术支撑，有望推动高灵敏度长波授时信号监测评估体系发展．
里德伯原子对长波电信号具有高灵敏接收能力, 是解决地基长波授时系统在边远区域因信号微弱导致授时性能下降的关键技术. 然而, 在里德伯原子的电场测量中, 罗兰-C信号面临原子气室静电屏蔽效应和倍频噪声引起的保真度下降问题. 本研究采用双光子方案制备里德伯态原子, 结合调制转移光谱(MTS)和电磁诱导透明(EIT)频率稳定系统以及馈入强直流场的内置平行极板气室, 实现对罗兰-C信号的高保真接收, 单脉冲保真度为98.0%、包周差为0.08 μs; 接收脉冲组奇偶周期信号并展示其相位反转特性. 本研究为里德伯原子接收解调长波授时信息提供关键技术支撑, 有望推动高灵敏度长波授时信号监测评估体系发展.
里德堡原子因其极大的电偶极矩和极化率，被视为微波电场量子传感中极具潜力的研究路径，在计量基准、无线通信和雷达探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，基于里德堡原子的高灵敏度微波探测优势与实际工程应用之间长期存在着显著鸿沟，尤其是远距离弱信号接收能力尚未被充分验证。本文研制了基于铯原子阶梯型三能级体系的小型化里德堡原子微波接收样机，将超外差探测技术与微波谐振腔局域场增强技术协同融合，在室外真实环境下成功实现了20 km距离的微波信号接收。实验采用3.785 GHz的微波链路，发射端与接收端分别位于相距约20 km的两个山峰。通过将信号与本振场在原子气室内混频产生中频外差拍频信号，系统在5 Hz分辨率带宽下获得了20 dB的信噪比，对应微波探测灵敏度为-134 dBm/Hz。本文工作不仅验证了量子传感器在复杂室外环境中的远距离工作能力，也为基于量子体系的远程通信、雷达探测及频谱监测等技术发展提供了重要的实验基础与参考。
We propose a highly sensitive detection method for Loran-C signals based on a Rydberg cesium atomic system. By exploiting the strong electric-field response of Rydberg atoms and the Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect, we theoretically achieve non-invasive, high-precision detection of low-frequency electromagnetic signals from the Loran-C navigation system. The core of this work focuses on real-time alternating electric-field signal simulation using Rydberg atoms. We systematically investigate the AC-Stark effect on the ground state 6S 1/2 , intermediate state 6P 3/2 , and Rydberg state 52D 5/2 , and find that the energy shift of the Rydberg state is significantly larger than those of the ground and intermediate states. Building on this, we further examine the influence of the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and probe lasers on the signal strength, demonstrating that an optimal signal intensity can be obtained by appropriately setting these Rabi frequencies. Our results confirm that the Rydberg-atom-based real-time AC-field signal simulation technology offers high sensitivity, excellent real-time performance, and high precision. This study provides both theoretical support and practical insight for the application of Rydberg atoms in real-time alternating electric-field signal simulation, laying a foundation for technological advances and practical implementations in related fields.
Position, navigation, and time (PNT) distributed by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have become one of the most relied upon commodities of our civilization. GNSS relies on clocks on satellite, the timing signal of which is send to Earth. On ground both, the resulting position and the timing signal are used in various different cases on ground. We are reliant on the quality of the timing signal. Quantum technologies offer novel methods of probing atoms or molecules to generate timing signals of higher quality. Additionally, optical cavities or resonators can provide precise timing signals. The main challenge involved with optical resonators is the long term stability in compatibility with the SWaP requirements of space. There are several works to prolong the stability of these systems and improve the quality of the received signal. Regardless of the quality of the GNSS signal, it is subject to manipulation, such as jamming and spoofing. Additionally, areas of absence of GNSS exist, which need to be breached. In these cases (classical) inertial measurement units can be deployed. However, the inherent drift of these systems allow GNSS-free navigation for short periods.