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Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics

Spatially localized trains of soliton in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates with periodic potential

Nkeh Oma Nfor, Akoni Brikly Njinabo, F. M. Moukam Kakmeni

Published Nov 19, 2025• 1 citation

Abstract

We investigate the spatial profiles of periodic localized modes in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates, by solving the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the presence of elliptic-type periodic potential. By considering a one-dimensional time independent linearized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we obtained three bound state solutions and energies emanating from the first order Lamé equation. When the nonlinearity induced by the two body inter-atomic interactions are fully activated, spatially localized trivial phase periodic solutions of the attractive condensates are analytically obtained using the ansatz technique coupled with the direct integral method. Results of numerical simulation depicts trivial phase solutions, which are uniform train of spatially localized modes that are insensitive to variation of the elliptic modulus. However in the non-trivial phase regime, the spatially localized trains of soliton become very structurally unstable. This work underscores the spontaneous generation of periodic potential by the condensate wave function, determine the band structure of the lattice and basic properties of periodic matter waves under linear conditions, and highlight various spatial nonlinear periodic modes in the condensate. Finally, our investigation provides a solid theoretical framework that finds potential application in the fabrication of atomic lasers, periodic matter-wave gratings and quantum logic gates.

DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2025.101322

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