The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses significant challenges to conventional cryptography, necessitating the adoption of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) solutions. This chapter proposes a Post-Quantum Lattice Security (PQLS) system for protecting power plant data in smart cities. It integrates Kyber for secure key exchange, Falcon for quantum-resistant digital signatures, ZKP for efficient authentication without revealing sensitive data, and JSON-LD for standardizing the format of data received from different smart meters. To evaluate the security of the proposed framework, we analyze its resistance to various threats, such as side-channel and message recovery attacks. We measured key performance indicators. The results showed an average CPU utilization of 2.4592 MS, memory consumption averaging 1843.899 KB, an execution time of 2.45 MS, and a level averaging 66.27677. This demonstrates that our proposed system offers high security and efficiency, making it a practical solution for protecting electrical infrastructure in smart cities in the quantum era.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses significant challenges to conventional cryptography, necessitating the adoption of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) solutions. This chapter proposes a Post-Quantum Lattice Security (PQLS) system for protecting power plant data in smart cities. It integrates Kyber for secure key exchange, Falcon for quantum-resistant digital signatures, ZKP for efficient authentication without revealing sensitive data, and JSON-LD for standardizing the format of data received from different smart meters. To evaluate the security of the proposed framework, we analyze its resistance to various threats, such as side-channel and message recovery attacks. We measured key performance indicators. The results showed an average CPU utilization of 2.4592 MS, memory consumption averaging 1843.899 KB, an execution time of 2.45 MS, and a level averaging 66.27677. This demonstrates that our proposed system offers high security and efficiency, making it a practical solution for protecting electrical infrastructure in smart cities in the quantum era.
The rapid progress of quantum computing poses significant challenges to traditional cryptographic mechanisms, necessitating the adoption of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) solutions. This paper proposes a Quantum-Enhanced Security for Smart Meters (QESM) system to protect power plant data in smart cities, integrating Kyber for secure key exchange, FALCON (Fast-Fourier Transform over Lattice-based Cryptography) for quantum-resistant digital signatures, and ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof) for effective verification without revealing sensitive data to secure power plant data against quantum attacks. To evaluate the security of the proposed system, we analyze its resistance to various quantum threats, including Shor’s algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, quantum key analysis, quantum reversal encryption, quantum amplification, quantum switching, and quantum collision attacks. In the current study, accurate measures were used and the average was approximately 7.065 (bits/byte) for randomness, the average execution time was 6.202 milliseconds, the average memory consumption was approximately 4.343 KB, 6.4 Completeness was equal to 1 and unforgeability was 100%. As for the average throughput, it was approximately 485,605 operations per second. That shows the QESM system provides strong security and efficiency, making it a viable solution for protecting the electricity infrastructure in smart cities in the quantum era.
This chapter attempts to present a Post-Quantum Secure Smart City Electricity Data (PQSED) system, which generates a quantum key via the BB84 protocol and digitally signs the data using FALCON, and uses pseudonym technology to add more security and protection to the data and digital signature, and also uses Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WOA) technology to the data to detect any abnormal behavior. The proposed system has been tested against several recently known attacks, such as replay attacks, Sybil attacks, eavesdropping, advanced ransomware attacks, social engineering attacks, and critical infrastructure attacks, and it has been proven to overcome them. In terms of performance evaluation, we obtained an average signature time of about 0.004 MS, an average signature verification time of about 0.006 MS, an average execution time of 0.66 MS, a precision of 96%, a recall of 95%, and an F1-score of 96%, which are good compared to the state-of-the-art research. Thus, our proposed system is highly acceptable for power plant applications.
The incorporation of Electric Vehicles into smart grid networks poses great cybersecurity threats, especially with respect to the secure authentication of devices and communications between charging stations, electric vehicles, and grid operators. Conventional cryptography methods like RSA and ECC are susceptible to quantum computing attacks, which call for the implementation of post-quantum cryptography in order to make these systems quantum-resistant. This paper discusses need and imminence of post-quantum cryptography-based authentication mechanisms for improving the security of smart grid infrastructure that facilitates Electric Vehicles operation and charging stations. It introduces the existing authentication protocols, their shortcomings from a quantum threat perspective, and suggests a framework using quantum-resistant algorithms for authenticating devices, exchanging keys, and ensuring data integrity. Moreover, we tackle scalability, efficiency, and standardization issues regarding the deployment of PQC-based solutions in large-scale smart grid settings. This research identifies the compelling need for secure, quantum-resistant authentication systems to protect the increasing overlap of electric vehicles and smart grid networks, with a view to maintaining secure, reliable, and future-proof energy infrastructures.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to classical cryptographic mechanisms, necessitating the integration of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) into security frameworks for IoT-enabled power electronics. Smart grids and industrial automation systems rely on interconnected IoT devices for real-time control, monitoring, and data exchange, making them highly vulnerable to emerging quantum threats. This book chapter explores PQC frameworks tailored for securing power electronics in smart grid and industrial applications, addressing critical challenges such as computational overhead, communication latency, system compatibility, and scalability. The impact of PQC on real-time performance was evaluated, considering its influence on industrial IoT networks, cryptographic handshake efficiency, and data transmission reliability. Hybrid cryptographic solutions that combine classical and post-quantum approaches are assessed for their feasibility in power electronics IoT systems. Security resilience under adverse network conditions, including cyberattacks and network disruptions, was also analyzed to ensure seamless PQC integration without compromising operational stability. Through a comprehensive study of PQC implementation, performance optimization, and interoperability testing, this chapter provides insights into the future of secure and resilient power electronics systems in quantum-era cybersecurity landscapes.
The increasing integration of smart grids within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem requires the implementation of robust security measures due to vulnerabilities brought about by pervasive connectivity. Previous smart grid security protocols are based on classical cryptographic algorithms, which are susceptible to significant threats from emerging quantum computers. Consequently, the adoption of quantum-resistant solutions is imperative for the long-term security of smart grids. This article presents a novel protocol for authentication and secret key establishment in smart grids, utilizing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms. Our proposed protocol employs the FALCON digital signature algorithm for integrity verification and the CRYSTALS-Kyber key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) for secret key establishment, providing robust protection against quantum attacks. Our optimized implementation of the proposed protocol on a graphics processing unit (GPU) targets grid security module (GSM)/gateway-side deployments and demonstrates scalability under large numbers of concurrent authentication requests. Experimental validation demonstrates the proposed protocol’s ability to effectively manage numerous concurrent authentication requests, ensuring secure and efficient communication within smart grid networks.
The advent of quantum computing poses significant challenges to traditional cryptographic systems, threatening the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of digital communications. This paper investigates the integration of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms into mobile communication systems to address these challenges. The study focuses on evaluating key PQC algorithms shortlisted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), including CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon and SPHINCS+, within the context of 5G and future mobile network architectures. The research encompasses the design and implementation of an experimental framework involving mobile devices, servers, and cloud-based infrastructure to simulate real-world communication scenarios. Performance metrics such as key generation time, signature generation, encryption and decryption speed, and resource consumption were analyzed across various devices to identify algorithms suitable for mobile environments. The findings reveal that lattice-based algorithms, such as Kyber and Dilithium, offer a promising balance between security and efficiency, making them ideal for resource-constrained devices. In contrast, hash-based algorithms like SPHINCS+ exhibit higher computational demands, limiting their practicality in certain applications. This work highlights the importance of algorithm selection and hardware optimization in ensuring secure and efficient communications in the quantum era. By integrating theoretical advancements in PQC with practical applications, this research lays the foundation for quantum-resistant security in mobile networks, ensuring secure and future-ready digital communications.