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The Materials Research Society series

Entanglement

Ray LaPierre

Published Oct 24, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

There exist multiple qubit states that cannot be expressed as a product of individual qubit states. These states are called entangled states, which is another powerful resource used in quantum computing.
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-90731-9_5

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One of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics is the existence of entangled states. These states result from the superposition of individual quantum states in composite systems, such as a collection of particles, and cannot be expressed as a product of the individual states. The generation and manipulation of entangled states is fundamental to studies of the most basic aspects of quantum mechanics, and provides the basis of applications such as quantum computing, quantum communications and high-precision spectroscopy.
A gate is called an entangler if it transforms some (pure) product states to entangled states. A universal entangler is a gate which transforms all product states to entangled states. In practice, a universal entangler is a very powerful device for generating entanglements, and thus provides important physical resources for accomplishing many tasks in quantum computing and quantum information. This paper demonstrates that a universal entangler always exists except for a degenerated case. Nevertheless, the problem how to find a universal entangler remains open.