Impact of dynamic ocean-atmosphere interface on quantum communication performance
Yufeng Yang, Wuchuandong Pei, Yijun Zhang
Quantum communication at the sea-air interface is an important direction for expanding quantum information networks. However, current research has not sufficiently considered how waves and bubbles at this interface affect quantum communication. The paper develops a system combining the Cox-Munk sea surface wave model with the Hall-Novarini bubble scattering model, using Monte Carlo simulations to model photon propagation in air-sea channels. Based on data for different wind speeds (5–20 m/s) and four water types (pure, clear, coastal, harbor), the study examines how the sea-air interface influences quantum bit error rate (QBER) and received power for quantum communication. Results show that in pure seawater, higher wind speeds decrease the maximum secure communication depth from 63 m to 25 m. In waters with high turbidity, scattering effects dominate, limiting communication depth to within 10 m. This research identifies environmental thresholds for marine quantum channels, offering a theoretical basis and practical guidelines for designing and improving underwater quantum communication systems.
Optics Communications•Nov 28, 2025•0 citations