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IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops

Group Secret Key Distribution Based on Physical-Layer Key Generation and NOMA-Assisted Downlink

Shun Kojima, Shinya Sugiura

Published Jun 8, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based physical-layer group secret key distribution (GSKD) for a star network in the presence of an eavesdropper. In the proposed scheme, a random group secret key generated at a base station (BS) is distributed to legitimate users in an information-theoretically secure manner. More specifically, the BS and each user share a secret key from the associated channel state information (CSI), which is then used to encrypt the group secret key with a one-time pad. Then, each of the encrypted group secret keys is superimposed and efficiently broadcast to the users in the NOMA downlink. Moreover, we derive the theoretical group key rate bound of the proposed scheme. Our performance results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-based GSKD scheme outperforms the conventional benchmark schemes.

DOI
10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162189

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In this paper, we propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based physical-layer group secret key distribution (GSKD) for a star network in the presence of an eavesdropper. In the proposed scheme, a random group secret key generated at a base station (BS) is distributed to legitimate users in an information-theoretically secure manner. More specifically, the BS and each user share a secret key from the associated channel state information (CSI), which is then used to encrypt the group secret key with a one-time pad. Then, each of the encrypted group secret keys is superimposed and efficiently broadcast to the users in the NOMA downlink. Moreover, we derive the theoretical group key rate bound of the proposed scheme. Our performance results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-based GSKD scheme outperforms the conventional benchmark schemes.
In this paper, we propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based physical-layer group secret key distribution (GSKD) from a base station (BS) to multiple legitimate users for a star network in the presence of an eavesdropper. In the proposed scheme, a random group secret key generated at the BS is distributed to legitimate users in an information-theoretically secure manner. More specifically, the BS and each user share a secret key from the associated channel state information (CSI), which is then used to encrypt the group secret key with a one-time pad. Then, each of the encrypted group secret keys is superimposed and efficiently broadcast to the users in the NOMA downlink. Each user extracts the group secret key with the aid of successive interference cancellation of the superimposed signal and decryption based on the user-specific secret key generated from CSI. Moreover, we derive the theoretical group key rate bound of the proposed scheme. Our performance results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-based GSKD scheme outperforms the conventional benchmark schemes while investigating the effects of information reconciliation based on Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, as well as channel coding based on polar codes.
Abstract With the exponential growth of wireless communication technologies, ensuring the confidentiality of transmitted data has become paramount. This paper introduces a cutting-edge encryption scheme utilizing Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for secure key generation. It proposes a method that utilizes an identical secret key derived from channel randomness and distance to prevent eavesdropping in NOMA communication, thus enhancing the system's resistance against potential attacks. NOMA is employed to simultaneously serve multiple users at the same time and frequency resources by applying different power levels to each user. In the proposed encryption scheme, NOMA principles combine channel randomness and user-base station distance in a non-orthogonal manner. This approach allows the generation of identical encryption keys shared by multiple users, ensuring an efficient and robust security mechanism benefits increased spectral efficiency and an improved system. The non-orthogonal of the generated encryption key enhances the security level, as it becomes harder for eavesdroppers to intercept and decipher the key. Integrating NOMA in the key generation process introduces an additional layer of unpredictability, further bolstering security. Extensive simulations and analyses were conducted to assess the proposed NOMA-based dual key extraction performance. A qualitative comparison between sources and a new proposed direction shows the Secrecy rate, key secrecy capacity, and secrecy outage probability demonstrate its effectiveness in providing a high level of security while incurring minimal overhead on the communication system.
Enhancing security level against potential internal eavesdroppers in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been reported as a serious challenge. In this letter, a novel secure NOMA scheme based on physical-layer security concepts is proposed. The proposed scheme exploits the random and independent channel characteristics to induce a different phase shift in each user's symbol. Based on the assumption that the instantaneous channel phase between a user and the base station is available only at both ends, other users will not be able to decode the right symbol. Analytical and simulation average bit error rate performance results demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme to degrade the performance at the eavesdropper without affecting the performance at other legitimate users and guarantee data confidentiality of each user.
Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) technology has recently been adopted in different fields and applications. An IoT network allows for a large set of physical objects (or devices) with various technologies to work together and exchange a large amount of information. This, however, raises different security and privacy concerns, including the confidentiality of the exchanged data. Usually, data confidentiality is maintained in wireless networks utilizing data encryption using a pre‐shared secret key. Thus, protecting the key distribution process is essential to maintaining a secure network. However, due to the typically large size of IoT networks, conventional secret key distribution schemes are unsuitable and lead to resource inefficiency. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient key distribution scheme is proposed by using physical‐layer security concepts. Specifically, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is utilized to distribute the key to multiple nodes in a resource‐efficient manner. Moreover, the instantaneous channel phase is also used to attain a secure distribution in which each node can obtain its own key only. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of the key error rate at both a legitimate node and an eavesdropper under different channel fading models, where closed form mathematical expressions are derived and verified via simulation results.
With the increasing demands for sharing confidential information among massive Internet of Things (IoT) devices in 5G and beyond wireless networks, many applications require the common secret key generation for a group of IoT devices. However, most of the existing works on physical layer secret key generation (PLKG) only focus on the pairwise key generation between two users, which is a low efficient and high cost to be extended to the scenarios of group key generation. In this work, we propose a new efficient multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) physical layer group secret key generation scheme to reduce the consumption of channel probing and improve the efficiency for group key generation. Different from current schemes, in the proposed scheme, the transmitter randomly generates the group secret key and directly broadcasts the downlink data symbols to the group users. At the receiver end, each group user can efficiently “observe” the common group key through the downlink broadcasting data symbols, while keeping perfect secrecy of the shared group key against eavesdroppers. The performance of reliability, security, and the group key generation rate is fully investigated, which shows the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and strong robustness of the proposed scheme. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, we design a secure transmission scheme in uplink and downlink of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In this scenario, two pairs of base stationuser can operate under the presence of eavesdropper. The relay plays an important role to forward signals from group of base stations to serve distant users. However, the eavesdropper can overhear signal which leads to secure performance need be reconsidered. To provide secure performance, we derive the closed-form expressions for strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC). In addition, we rely on relay for enlarge coverage area. The channel conditions meet imperfect channel state information (CSI) which shows degraded secure performance. Results confirm the relationship between transmit power at the source and and SPSC how many main parameters affecting secure performance metric. Furthermore, simulation results show that the uplink and downlink NOMA technique improves secure performance in the low SPSC region. We further conduct analysis by using Monte-Carlo simulations.