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Quantum Theory of Loss-Induced Transparency in Coupled Waveguides

I. Beder, Paulo Aguiar Brandão

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Increasing loss in one waveguide can counterintuitively enhance light transmission. Using the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism, we show that this loss-induced transparency effect extends to single-photon states, for both separable and entangled cases.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2025.jps200_206

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Several years ago, Guo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 093902 (2009)] demonstrated a counterintuitive phenomenon wherein the transmission of classical light through a coupled pair of waveguides is enhanced as the level of loss in one waveguide surpasses a critical threshold. In this paper, we employ the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism to explore a quantum perspective of this phenomenon. In the case where light is incident in both waveguides, a generally nonzero interference term in the presence of loss appears. Our analysis reveals that loss-induced transparency can manifest at the single-photon level for both separable and entangled photonic states.
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We investigate the single-photon propagation in the one-dimensional waveguide coupled to NNN two-level atoms. For a waveguide coupled to NNN distant atoms, the transparency can be induced by coherent interaction at resonance for an eveneveneven numbernumbernumber of NNN, while for an oddoddodd numbernumbernumber of NNN, the photon can be fully reflected. We then can switch the photon transport by controlling the atomic number. For a waveguide coupled to a small atomic ensemble of NNN atoms in the same position, the transparency disappears, and the photonic transport property displays a jump behavior near the resonance point.
Optical loss is generally perceived to be an adverse effect in integrated optics. Herein, in contrast, we propose a mechanism to harness the loss in a coupled high− ⁣Q{\rm {high-}}{\! Q}high−Q resonators system to realize on-chip electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The increasing loss of one of the coupled resonators results in a difference in Q{Q}Q factor, leading to EIT generation. This optical loss-induced EIT is studied analytically using the coupled-mode theory and demonstrated experimentally in chalcogenide coupled microring resonators. By taking advantage of the chalcogenide phase change materials that feature exceptional optical property contrasts, we further demonstrate the loss-induced mechanism to realize fast and nonvolatile responses between the EIT state and the critical coupling state in a monolithically integrated chip. Our results provide a new perspective to harvest the negative loss effect of coupled resonators for tunable photonic devices, which might shed new light on the design ideology for on-chip slow-light optical components.