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arXiv:2508.18028 · Journal of Optics

Anomalous transparency of photons in non-Markovian coupled waveguides

Jefferson Rocha Silva, Paulo Aguiar Brandão

Published Oct 1, 2025• 2 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The transmission of photons through a pair of coupled single-mode waveguides is studied in detail. It is assumed that one of the waveguides is coupled to a non-Markovian reservoir, described by a Lorentzian spectrum distribution. We identified four distinct regimes for the transmission coefficient and found that, in some conditions, it is more efficient to launch the photons in the lossy waveguide to achieve high transmission. We also report on a loss-induced transparency effect that is induced by the distribution of the frequencies present in the reservoir.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/ae0fa9

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Abstract The transmission of photons through a pair of coupled single-mode waveguides is studied in detail. It is assumed that one of the waveguides is coupled to a non-Markovian reservoir, described by a Lorentzian spectrum distribution. We identified four distinct regimes for the transmission coefficient and found that, in some conditions, it is more efficient to launch the photons in the lossy waveguide to achieve high transmission. We also report on a loss-induced transparency effect that is induced by the distribution of the frequencies present in the reservoir.
In this work, we investigate how different reservoir memory profiles influence the dynamical evolution of a single waveguide coupled to an external environment. We compare three representative memory kernels: Lorentzian, Gaussian and Uniform, highlighting their distinct spatial correlations and their impact on system behavior. We compute the transmission amplitude, transparency properties, as well as long-time behavior of the system under each memory model. To quantify deviations from Markovian dynamics, we employ a non-Markovianity measure based on information backflow, allowing a direct comparison between the structured reservoirs and the Markovian limit. Our results reveal clear signatures of memoryless-induced modifications in the transmission spectrum and demonstrate how specific reservoir profiles enhance or suppress non-Markovian effects.
We investigate photon transport and blockade based on the architecture where a waveguide is coupled to a microring resonator at two distinct points. This two-point coupling configuration between the waveguide and resonator gives rise to non-Markovian dynamics, which is induced by the photon transmission delay in the waveguide between the two coupled points. On one hand, by designing the non-Markovian coupling parameters between the waveguide and resonator, single- or two-photon transport and the resulting photon blockade effect can be manipulated according to the output photonic states at the end of waveguide. We for the fist time evaluate the occurrence of photon blockade with scattering matrices and second order correlation functions based on this non-Markovian proposal related to the length of waveguide between two coupled points. On the other hand, when classical driving fields are applied upon the resonator with interactions between its clockwise and counterclockwise modes, the blockade effect of the output field can be determined by the intracavity eigenstates. Then the correlations of the output field as well as the intracavity states can be modulated by the non-Markovian coupling between the microring resonator and waveguide.
Several years ago, Guo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 093902 (2009)] demonstrated a counterintuitive phenomenon wherein the transmission of classical light through a coupled pair of waveguides is enhanced as the level of loss in one waveguide surpasses a critical threshold. In this paper, we employ the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism to explore a quantum perspective of this phenomenon. In the case where light is incident in both waveguides, a generally nonzero interference term in the presence of loss appears. Our analysis reveals that loss-induced transparency can manifest at the single-photon level for both separable and entangled photonic states.
We investigate the single-photon scattering spectra of a giant atom coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide via multiple connection points or a continuous coupling region. Using a full quantum mechanical method, we obtain the general analytic expressions for the single-photon scattering coefficients, which are valid in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes. We summarize the influences of the nondipole effects, mainly caused by the phases accumulated by photons traveling between coupling points, on the scattering spectra. We find that under the Markovian limit, the phase decay is detuning independent, resulting in Lorentzian line shapes characterized by the Lamb shifts and the effective decay rates, while in the non-Markovian regime, the accumulated phases become detuning dependent, giving rise to non-Lorentzian line shapes, characterized by multiple side peaks and total transmission points. Another interesting phenomenon in the non-Markovian regime is the generation of a broad photonic band gap by a single giant atom. We further generalize the case of discrete coupling points to the continuum limit with atom coupling to the waveguide via a continuous area, and analyze the scattering spectra for some typical distributions of coupling strength.
The concept of non-Markovianity (NM) in quantum dynamics is still an open debate. Understanding how to generate and measure NM in specific models may aid in this quest. In quantum optics, an engineered electromagnetic environment coupled to a single atom can induce NM. The most common scenario of structured electromagnetic environment is an optical cavity, composed by a pair of mirrors. Here, we show how to generate and measure NM on a two-level system coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide with no mirrors required. The origin of the non-Markovian behavior lies in the initial state of the field, prepared as a single-photon packet. NM is shown to depend on two experimentally controllable parameters, namely, the linewidth of the packet and its central frequency. We relate the presence of NM to quantum interference. We also show how the two output channels of the waveguide provide distinct signatures of NM, both experimentally accessible.