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Dynamics of single photon emission from a quantum dot emitting photons at a telecom wavelength

Doyeol Ahn, Ivan A. Burenkov, Li Ma, Dong-Han Lee, Mohamed Benyoucef, Sergey V. Polyakov

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate single-photon dynamics from a near C-band quantum dot using a time-resolved Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment. Our measurements show that quasi-resonant excitation effectively suppresses multiphoton emission and prevents re-excitation during the decay period.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff110_3

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Investigating single-photon dynamics is crucial for characterization of single-photon emitters. Here, we demonstrate a telecom-band quantum dot single-photon emitter integrated with a lithographically aligned double solid immersion lens structure, achieving a collection efficiency of 18(3)% at the first lens. Using two-time correlation measurements, we observed re-excitation-induced multiphoton emission arising from a long-lived, carrier-induced capture process under non-resonant excitation. Under quasi-resonant excitation, this effect was strongly suppressed, reducing the multiphoton emission probability within a 3 ns window from 0.052(1) to 0.0163(4). We further performed second-order quantum spectroscopy based on Fourier analysis of the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, enabling direct extraction of the exciton fine-structure splitting. This work provides a direct characterization of re-excitation dynamics and coherence properties in a telecom-band single-photon emitter.
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Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by non-resonant and resonant photoluminescence experiments in single QDs [1,2,3,4]. Other experiments demonstrated the possibility to use single QDs for the generation of indistinguishable single photons [3]. An important general issue is to reach the so-called fundamental radiative limit. Several strategies have been followed in that sense such as the shortening of population lifetime induced by the Purcell effect [5] or the reduction of pure dephasing by resonant excitation [2,3,4]. Up to now, all the measurements reported in the literature focus on the incoherent photoluminescence signal for achieving single photon emission. In this regime, the linewidth of the photoluminescence spectrum is always limited to the radiative limit. In this paper, we report on the resonant emission (RE) of the exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity, in an orthogonal excitation-detection geometry [4]. We present an original type of single photon source based on the coherent laser light scattering by a single QD [6]. Besides the antibunching effect showing the non-classical nature of the emitted light, we observe that the QD emission spectrum is determined by the spectrum of the resonant excitation laser. We present high-resolution measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy of the RE where the data are fitted to the first-order correlation function g(1)(τ) of the RE of a two-level system. The inverse Fourier transform of the g(1)(τ) function allows a direct comparison of the different RE emission profiles. We show that, by reducing the resonant excitation power, the so-called Mollow triplet shrinks to a single narrow Lorentzian line, while the relative intensity of this narrow peak increases and tends to overwhelm the RE spectrum. This implies that single QDs can produce single photons with a coherence time that is not limited anymore by the QD electronic properties, resulting in an ultra-coherent character [6]. In conclusion, the resulting " ultra-coherent single photon source " promises high degrees of indistinguishability of the emitted photons which is a crucial requirement for quantum information applications. [1] P. Michler et al., Science 290, 2282 (2000). [2] A. Muller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007). [3] S. Ates et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 167402 (2009). [4] H. S. Nguyen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 057401 (2012). [5] C. Santori et al., Nature 419, 594 (2002). [6] H. S. Nguyen et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261904 (2011).
We first succeeded in generating single-photon pulses in the C-band (1.55-µm band: the highest transmittance in optical telecommunication bands) from a single InAs/InP quantum dot. The quantum dot with 1546.1-nm exciton emission was prepared by controlling the growth conditions. A well-designed mesa structure presented efficient injection of the emitted photons into a single-mode optical fiber. A Hanbury-Brown and Twiss measurement has proved that the photons through the fiber were single photons. We also performed to transmit single-photon pulses through 30-km optical fiber. This preliminary trial is a milestone toward quantum telecommunication using ideal single photons.