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Evaluation of graph similarity with frequency-time bin modes and multiple photons generated by a silicon nitride microresonator

Emanuele Brusaschi, Massimo Borghi, Marco Liscidini, Mattéo Galli, Daniele Bajoni

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a bipartite gaussian boson sampling experiment with 4 photons in 6 frequency-time bin modes, and use the device to evaluate the similarity between different graphs families of 6 vertices.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff106_3

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We demonstrate high-dimensional bipartite Gaussian boson sampling with squeezed light across 6 mixed time-frequency modes. Non-degenerate two-mode squeezing is generated in two time-bins from a silicon nitride microresonator. An unbalanced interferometer embedding electro-optic modulators and stabilized by exploiting the continuous energy-time entanglement of the generated photon pairs, couples time and frequency-bin modes arranged in a two-dimensional 3 by 2 rectangular lattice, thus enabling both local and non-local interactions. We measure 144 collision-free events with 4 photons at the output, achieving a fidelity greater than 0.98 with the theoretical probability distribution. We use this result to identify the similarity between families of isomorphic graphs with 6 vertices.
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We demonstrate bipartite gaussian boson sampling with squeezed light in 6 mixed time-frequency modes. Non-degenerate two-mode squeezing is generated in two time-bins from a silicon nitride microresonator with simultaneous high spectral purity (>0.86(3)) and indistinguishability (0.985(2)). An unbalanced interferometer embedding electro-optic modulators, which is stabilized by exploiting the continuous energy-time entanglement of the generated photon pairs, controls time and frequency-bin modes. We measure 144 collision-free events with 4 photons at the output, achieving a fidelity >0.98 with the theoretical probability distribution. We use this result to identify the similarity between families of isomorphic graphs with 6 vertices, and present an approach for the realization of universal operations on time-frequency modes.
Gaussian boson sampling is a quantum computing concept based on drawing samples from a multimode nonclassical Gaussian state using photon-number resolving detectors.It was initially posed as a near-term approach to achieve quantum advantage, and several applications have been proposed since, including the calculation of graph features.For the first time, we use a time-bin encoded interferometer to implement Gaussian boson sampling experimentally and extract samples to enhance the search for dense subgraphs in a graph.Our results indicate an improvement over classical methods for subgraphs of sizes three and four in a graph containing ten nodes.In addition, we numerically explore the role of imperfections in the optical circuit and on the performance of the algorithm.