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Computers & Electrical Engineering

Next-Generation Quantum Security: The Impact of Quantum Computing on Cybersecurity—Threats, Mitigations, and Solutions

Sijjad Ali, Shuaib Ahmed Wadho, Kazim Raza Talpur, Bandeh Ali Talpur, Khulud Salem Alshudukhi, Mamoona Humayun, Samar Raza Talpur, Mohd Abdullah Al Mamun, Muhammad Naseem, Adeel Abro, Dhani Bux Talpur, Asadullah Shah

Published Aug 31, 2025• 19 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110649

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Cybersecurity Threats and Mitigation Strategies in the Age of Quantum Computing

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Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. Preliminary empirical review revealed that quantum computing posed a significant threat to current cybersecurity measures by potentially rendering traditional cryptographic systems obsolete. It highlighted that existing encryption methods, such as RSA and ECC, were vulnerable to the powerful computational capabilities of quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm. The research emphasized the urgent need for the development and integration of quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques and strategies to ensure continued security. It also concluded that, while quantum computing introduced substantial risks, it offered opportunities for innovation in cybersecurity, requiring proactive measures and strategic planning to address these emerging threats effectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Quantum Computing and Quantum Cryptography, Information Security Management Theory and Complexity Theory may be used to anchor future studies on cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. The study recommended several key actions to address the cybersecurity challenges posed by quantum computing. It suggested accelerating research and development into post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and integrating these quantum-resistant solutions into current security infrastructures. The study also recommended enhancing cybersecurity education and training to prepare professionals for quantum-related challenges. Additionally, it advocated for promoting collaborative research between academia, industry, and government, developing strategic risk management frameworks, and engaging in policy advocacy to establish standards for quantum-safe technologies. These measures were intended to ensure that both theoretical and practical aspects of cybersecurity could effectively address the evolving threats of quantum computing.

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THE QUANTUM THREAT: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF QUANTUM COMPUTING ON INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY AND THE URGENT NEED FOR NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORKS

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"The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the cybersecurity of our increasingly digitized world. As quantum computers become more powerful and accessible, they have the potential to break many of the cryptographic algorithms that currently secure our sensitive data, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure. This looming “quantum threat” has far-reaching implications for individuals, organizations, and nation-states, as it could lead to widespread data breaches, economic disruption, and compromised national security. Despite the growing recognition of this risk, existing legal and regulatory frameworks are largely unprepared to address the unique challenges of quantum-enabled cyber threats. Moreover, the geopolitical implications of the quantum revolution are complex and multifaceted, with the potential to reshape the global balance of power and exacerbate technological inequalities. To mitigate these risks and promote quantum readiness, there is an urgent need for the international community to develop new legal frameworks and cooperative mechanisms that span technical, economic, legal, and political domains. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the quantum threat to cybersecurity, examines its potential impacts across various sectors and international relations, and offers policy recommendations for developing a comprehensive global governance framework. By proactively addressing this challenge through multi-stakeholder collaboration and quantum-resistant solutions, we can work towards a more secure and resilient digital future in the face of this transformative technology. "

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Manik Kumar Sangala, Robin Naira, Akhirul Islam +2 more

Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative computing paradigm capable of solving problems that remain computationally infeasible for classical systems; however, its rapid advancement also introduces significant security, privacy, and reliability concerns. In this context, this survey presents a comprehensive review of security challenges and mitigation strategies associated with quantum computing, focusing on security issues in quantum computers, security threats caused by quantum computers, and security mechanisms developed for quantum systems. The paper examines vulnerabilities in quantum hardware and software, the impact of quantum computing on existing cryptographic infrastructures and cybersecurity mechanisms, and the development of quantum-resilient solutions such as post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe communication protocols, quantum intrusion detection systems, and quantum-aware software engineering techniques. In addition, the survey discusses emerging applications of quantum technologies in cybersecurity domains, including malware detection, network intrusion detection, Internet of Things (IoT) security, and secure communication systems. Furthermore, the paper analyzes existing quantum error mitigation and fault-tolerance approaches designed to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of quantum computation under realistic noisy conditions. By consolidating recent advances, open research challenges, and future directions, this survey provides a structured overview of the evolving intersection between quantum computing and cybersecurity, while serving as a reference for researchers and practitioners working toward secure, resilient, and quantum-ready computing infrastructures.

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A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Computing in Cybersecurity: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abhishek Tiwari, Pooja Tripathi

Lecture notes in networks and systems•Jun 29, 2026•0 citations
Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. Preliminary empirical review revealed that quantum computing posed a significant threat to current cybersecurity measures by potentially rendering traditional cryptographic systems obsolete. It highlighted that existing encryption methods, such as RSA and ECC, were vulnerable to the powerful computational capabilities of quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm. The research emphasized the urgent need for the development and integration of quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques and strategies to ensure continued security. It also concluded that, while quantum computing introduced substantial risks, it offered opportunities for innovation in cybersecurity, requiring proactive measures and strategic planning to address these emerging threats effectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Quantum Computing and Quantum Cryptography, Information Security Management Theory and Complexity Theory may be used to anchor future studies on cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies in the age of quantum computing. The study recommended several key actions to address the cybersecurity challenges posed by quantum computing. It suggested accelerating research and development into post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and integrating these quantum-resistant solutions into current security infrastructures. The study also recommended enhancing cybersecurity education and training to prepare professionals for quantum-related challenges. Additionally, it advocated for promoting collaborative research between academia, industry, and government, developing strategic risk management frameworks, and engaging in policy advocacy to establish standards for quantum-safe technologies. These measures were intended to ensure that both theoretical and practical aspects of cybersecurity could effectively address the evolving threats of quantum computing.
"The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the cybersecurity of our increasingly digitized world. As quantum computers become more powerful and accessible, they have the potential to break many of the cryptographic algorithms that currently secure our sensitive data, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure. This looming “quantum threat” has far-reaching implications for individuals, organizations, and nation-states, as it could lead to widespread data breaches, economic disruption, and compromised national security. Despite the growing recognition of this risk, existing legal and regulatory frameworks are largely unprepared to address the unique challenges of quantum-enabled cyber threats. Moreover, the geopolitical implications of the quantum revolution are complex and multifaceted, with the potential to reshape the global balance of power and exacerbate technological inequalities. To mitigate these risks and promote quantum readiness, there is an urgent need for the international community to develop new legal frameworks and cooperative mechanisms that span technical, economic, legal, and political domains. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the quantum threat to cybersecurity, examines its potential impacts across various sectors and international relations, and offers policy recommendations for developing a comprehensive global governance framework. By proactively addressing this challenge through multi-stakeholder collaboration and quantum-resistant solutions, we can work towards a more secure and resilient digital future in the face of this transformative technology. "
Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative computing paradigm capable of solving problems that remain computationally infeasible for classical systems; however, its rapid advancement also introduces significant security, privacy, and reliability concerns. In this context, this survey presents a comprehensive review of security challenges and mitigation strategies associated with quantum computing, focusing on security issues in quantum computers, security threats caused by quantum computers, and security mechanisms developed for quantum systems. The paper examines vulnerabilities in quantum hardware and software, the impact of quantum computing on existing cryptographic infrastructures and cybersecurity mechanisms, and the development of quantum-resilient solutions such as post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe communication protocols, quantum intrusion detection systems, and quantum-aware software engineering techniques. In addition, the survey discusses emerging applications of quantum technologies in cybersecurity domains, including malware detection, network intrusion detection, Internet of Things (IoT) security, and secure communication systems. Furthermore, the paper analyzes existing quantum error mitigation and fault-tolerance approaches designed to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of quantum computation under realistic noisy conditions. By consolidating recent advances, open research challenges, and future directions, this survey provides a structured overview of the evolving intersection between quantum computing and cybersecurity, while serving as a reference for researchers and practitioners working toward secure, resilient, and quantum-ready computing infrastructures.