Abstract One of the most important cryptographic technologies is the digital signature which is used to provide alluring security attributes such as unforgeability, undeniability and authenticity. The security of the most advanced digital signatures available today relies on complex number theory presumptions like factorization of the integer and the discrete logarithm. There is, however, a threat to these hard problems in the quantum era. The quantum technology advancements pose a threat to the current cybersecurity since any asymmetric cryptosystem currently in use might be broken by a powerful quantum computer. A potential solution for this issue is provided by quantum digital signatures, which are based on the ideas of quantum technology. This paper presents an overview for the different quantum digital signatures used today.
Abstract One of the most important cryptographic technologies is the digital signature which is used to provide alluring security attributes such as unforgeability, undeniability and authenticity. The security of the most advanced digital signatures available today relies on complex number theory presumptions like factorization of the integer and the discrete logarithm. There is, however, a threat to these hard problems in the quantum era. The quantum technology advancements pose a threat to the current cybersecurity since any asymmetric cryptosystem currently in use might be broken by a powerful quantum computer. A potential solution for this issue is provided by quantum digital signatures, which are based on the ideas of quantum technology. This paper presents an overview for the different quantum digital signatures used today.
Quantum computing represents one of the most disruptive technological advancements of the 21st century, with profound implications for modern cryptographic systems. Traditional digital signature algorithms—such as RSA, DSA, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)—derive their security from mathematical problems like integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which are computationally infeasible for classical computers. However, the advent of quantum algorithms, particularly Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms, poses a direct threat to these cryptographic assumptions by drastically reducing the time required to solve such problems. This development renders existing Digital Signature infrastructures potentially obsolete once large-scale quantum computers become operational. To counter this threat, researchers have proposed a range of post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms, including lattice-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial-based signature schemes, which are designed to resist quantum attacks. This paper critically examines the extent of quantum vulnerability in current Digital Signature systems and evaluates the comparative performance, efficiency, and security trade-offs of post-quantum alternatives. The study aims to provide a structured understanding of the ongoing transition toward quantum-resistant digital authentication and to propose a roadmap for secure implementation in future cryptographic environments.
Guaranteeing nonrepudiation, unforgeability as well as transferability of a signature is one of the most vital safeguards in today's e-commerce era. Based on fundamental laws of quantum physics, quantum digital signature (QDS) aims to provide information-theoretic security for this cryptographic task. However, up to date, the previously proposed QDS protocols are impractical due to various challenging problems and most importantly, the requirement of authenticated (secure) quantum channels between participants. Here, we present the first quantum digital signature protocol that removes the assumption of authenticated quantum channels while remaining secure against the collective attacks. Besides, our QDS protocol can be practically implemented over more than 100 km under current mature technology as used in quantum key distribution.
Quantum computing presents a significant threat to traditional cryptographic protocols, particularly those relying on the hardness of factoring large integers and computing discrete logarithms, as quantum algorithms can solve these problems in polynomial time. With the advent of quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic schemes, the need for quantum-resistant cryptographic mechanisms has become increasingly urgent. In this paper, we focused on authentication, a critical security property, and reviewed various classical cryptographic techniques to this aim and their potential to resist quantum attacks. We present a (non-exhaustive) overview of the state of the art in quantum-resistant authentication, particularly through symmetric cryptography, digital signatures, and hardware-based approaches such as physical unclonable functions (PUFs). By offering a clear and focused analysis, we used this survey to bridge the gap between diverse academic communities and provide a foundation for future research in post-quantum authentication.
The protection and security of information have always been and continue to be one of the major challenges we face today. Message encryption, digital signatures, financial and banking transactions, and the emerging cryptocurrency market are all threatened by the advancement of quantum computing and its potential ability to break the keys of current algorithms. Cryptographic environments based on public key encryption and digital signatures could be compromised by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer. Over the last decade, state organizations and companies dedicated to information technologies have made significant progress in the development of quantum and postquantum cryptography. This article aims to provide an overview of the advancements and evolution of quantum and post-quantum cryptography algorithms, highlighting their importance in creating secure encryption to mitigate the potential threats posed by quantum computing.
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) form the backbone of modern healthcare, ensuring seamless access to a patient’s medical history and fostering effective patient-doctor relationships. Their digital nature, however, exposes them to myriad security threats, including unauthorized access, tampering, and fraudulent alterations. Traditional cryptographic techniques, while effective in the current digital landscape, might not stand robust against future threats, especially those posed by quantum computers. This paper introduces Quantum Digital Signatures (QDS) as a cutting-edge approach to address this burgeoning concern. QDS leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to provide an additional layer of security, making it computationally infeasible for adversaries to forge or alter signed messages, including sensitive EHR data. Unlike conventional digital signatures that depend on the presumed difficulty of certain mathematical problems, the security attributes of QDS stem from the fundamental laws of quantum physics, ensuring a higher level of integrity and authenticity. We present a comprehensive overview of the QDS protocol and its integration into current EHR systems. Our comparative analysis with existing cryptographic techniques illuminates the advantages of QDS, especially in preventing undetected alterations and ensuring non-repudiation. Practical deployment challenges, including quantum device imperfections and potential integration bottlenecks, are also addressed. The adoption of Quantum Digital Signatures in safeguarding EHRs ushers in a new era of medical data security. While the large-scale implementation of such quantum technologies is still in its infancy, proactive research and early adoption are pivotal in preparing healthcare systems for future challenges. Through this research, we advocate for the broader integration of quantum cryptographic techniques, such as QDS, to uphold the sanctity and trustworthiness of electronic medical data in the face of evolving digital threats.
In recent years Quantum Cryptography gets more attention as well as becomes most promising cryptographic field for faster, effective and more secure communications. Quantum Cryptography is an art of science which overlap quantum properties of light under quantum mechanics on cryptographic task instead of current state of algorithms based on mathematical computing technology. Major algorithms for public key encryption and some digital signature scheme such as RSA, El Gamal cryptosystem, hash function are vulnerable at quantum adversaries. Most of the factoring problem can be broken by Shore's algorithm and quantum computer threatens other hand discrete logarithm problem. Our paper describes why modern cryptography contributes quantum cryptography, security issues and future goals of modern cryptography.