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International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix)

Quantum cryptography: Overview, security issues and future challenges

Saptarshi Mitra, Bappaditya Jana, Supratim Bhattacharya, Prashnatita Pal, Jayanta Poray

Published Nov 1, 2017• 44 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In recent years Quantum Cryptography gets more attention as well as becomes most promising cryptographic field for faster, effective and more secure communications. Quantum Cryptography is an art of science which overlap quantum properties of light under quantum mechanics on cryptographic task instead of current state of algorithms based on mathematical computing technology. Major algorithms for public key encryption and some digital signature scheme such as RSA, El Gamal cryptosystem, hash function are vulnerable at quantum adversaries. Most of the factoring problem can be broken by Shore's algorithm and quantum computer threatens other hand discrete logarithm problem. Our paper describes why modern cryptography contributes quantum cryptography, security issues and future goals of modern cryptography.

DOI
10.1109/optronix.2017.8350006

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In recent years Quantum Cryptography gets more attention as well as becomes most promising cryptographic field for faster, effective and more secure communications. Quantum Cryptography is an art of science which overlap quantum properties of light under quantum mechanics on cryptographic task instead of current state of algorithms based on mathematical computing technology. Major algorithms for public key encryption and some digital signature scheme such as RSA, El Gamal cryptosystem, hash function are vulnerable at quantum adversaries. Most of the factoring problem can be broken by Shore's algorithm and quantum computer threatens other hand discrete logarithm problem. Our paper describes why modern cryptography contributes quantum cryptography, security issues and future goals of modern cryptography.
In the modern digital era, where cyber-attacks, data breaches, and digital spying threaten global security, conventional cryptographic systems face increasing challenges. The rapid development of quantum computing has amplified these threats by undermining the security foundations of classical encryption algorithms such as RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography), both of which depend on the computational hardness of factorization and discrete logarithmic problems. Quantum cryptography, rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics, introduces a transformative approach that ensures theoretically unbreakable security. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, current technological developments, challenges, and future prospects of quantum cryptography. It emphasizes the transition from mathematical security to physical security, highlighting quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum random number generation, and post-quantum cryptographic frameworks. The study concludes that quantum cryptography is not merely a futuristic ideal but a necessary evolution for safeguarding the digital future in a quantum-enabled world
Cryptography is an art and science of secure communication. Here the sender and receiver are guaranteed the security through encryption of their data, with the help of a common key. Both the parties should agree on this key prior to communication. The cryptographic systems which perform these tasks are designed to keep the key secret while assuming that the algorithm used for encryption and decryption is public. Thus key exchange is a very sensitive issue. In modern cryptographic algorithms this security is based on the mathematical complexity of the algorithm. But quantum computation is expected to revolutionize computing paradigm in near future. This presents a challenge amongst the researchers to develop new cryptographic techniques that can survive the quantum computing era. This paper reviews the radical use of quantum mechanics for cryptography.
Cryptography is an art and science of secure communication. Here the sender and receiver are guaranteed the security through encryption of their data, with the help of a common key. Both the parties should agree on this key prior to communication. The cryptographic systems which perform these tasks are designed to keep the key secret while assuming that the algorithm used for encryption and decryption is public. Thus key exchange is a very sensitive issue. In modern cryptographic algorithms this security is based on the mathematical complexity of the algorithm. But quantum computation is expected to revolutionize computing paradigm in near future. This presents a challenge amongst the researchers to develop new cryptographictechniques that can survive the quantum computing era. This paper reviews the radical use of quantum mechanics for cryptography.
Quantum computing and quantum cryptography are two areas of research that have the potential to transform modern computing and communication. Quantum computing promises to solve computational problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers, while quantum cryptography provides a way to secure communication channels that is immune to eavesdropping. Quantum cryptography is one of the emerging topics in the field of computer industry. This article focuses on quantum cryptography and how this technology makes a valuable contribution to an intensive defense strategy of completely secure key distribution. The scope of this article covers the weaknesses of modern digital cryptographic systems, the basic concepts of quantum cryptography, the practical implementations of this technology, and its limitations. , and finally the future direction that quantum cryptography is headed. We describe the result of an apparatus and protocol designed to perform quantum key distribution, whereby two users do not share any secret information (no private or public keys are known). previously known) initially exchanges a random quantum transmission consisting of veryweakly polarized light rays. In particular, readers can explore the following topics in depth: current cryptographic schemes (symmetric and asymmetric), the difference between quantum and classical computing, challenges of quantum computing, quantum algorithms (Shor and Grover), public key cryptographic schemes affected, symmetry affected schemes, impact on hash functions and post-quantum cryptography
In this modern era, most cryptographic algorithms work on a basic principle to split integers into their primes. But the problem is that mathematics is also evolving at a very fast pace along with computing power so it is now more vulnerable to decryption, for example, one-way functions can be easily reversed along with factoring big integers. So, to solve this issue Quantum Physics gets involved with cryptography which further led to the concept of Quantum Cryptography. Quantum Cryptography is one of the fastest-growing technology in computer science. So, this paper is more focused on Quantum Cryptography technology and how it can be used to make our modern cryptographic era safeguard from top to bottom procedure related to getting more secure Key-transfer. This paper's scope is to cover all the vulnerabilities of the current cryptosystem, the uses of this technology in the real-world scenario, the limitations when used in real-world situations, and also what will be the future of Quantum Cryptography and the path it should head towards. We have tried to use tools and protocols which is modified to use the quantum key transfer by which the user's using it will not have access to each other's personal information, instead of sharing any private or public key in advance, we transfer an unordered quantum transmission which consists of a very little flash of polarized light.
Cryptography is an art and science of secure communication. Here the sender and receiver are guaranteed the security through encryption of their data, with the help of a common key. Both the parties should agree on this key prior to communication. The cryptographic systems which perform these tasks are designed to keep the key secret while assuming that the algorithm used for encryption and decryption is public. Thus key exchange is a very sensitive issue. In modern cryptographic algorithms this security is based on the mathematical complexity of the algorithm. But quantum computation is expected to revolutionize computing paradigm in near future. This presents a challenge amongst the researchers to develop new cryptographic techniques that can survive th