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Physica Scripta

Quantum features in a semiconductor microcavity with optical parametric oscillator and input squeezed field

Kidus Yosef, Desalegn Ayehu

Published Jul 17, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of a scheme to enhance quantum statistical features of fluorescent light generated by a quantum well coupled to a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) in a microcavity with an input squeezed field. We derive the quantum Langevin equations and solve them using Laplace transform method in the strong coupling regime. It is found that the intensity of the light is significantly enhanced while the normalized intensity spectrum remains largely unaffected by the external squeezed field. Additionally, the emitted light exhibits photon bunching, and the squeezing is notably improved, with the quadrature variance asymptotically approaching zero as the squeezing parameter increases. We also study the quadrature squeezing of the cavity mode and we show that a semiconductor microcavity can serve as a typical source of cavity mode squeezing, with the amount of squeezing significantly enhanced by the DOPO and the external squeezed field.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/adf15a

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Abstract In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of a scheme to enhance quantum statistical features of fluorescent light generated by a quantum well coupled to a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) in a microcavity with an input squeezed field. We derive the quantum Langevin equations and solve them using Laplace transform method in the strong coupling regime. It is found that the intensity of the light is significantly enhanced while the normalized intensity spectrum remains largely unaffected by the external squeezed field. Additionally, the emitted light exhibits photon bunching, and the squeezing is notably improved, with the quadrature variance asymptotically approaching zero as the squeezing parameter increases. We also study the quadrature squeezing of the cavity mode and we show that a semiconductor microcavity can serve as a typical source of cavity mode squeezing, with the amount of squeezing significantly enhanced by the DOPO and the external squeezed field.
A degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) in the above threshold regime is a prominent source of squeezed field. In this study, a driven DOPO whose pump mode is coupled to a thermal bath while the signal mode is coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir is explored to understand the effect of the external squeezed light and the thermal fluctuations on the squeezing properties of both the intracavity and output pump and signal modes. Our findings showed that the injected squeezed vacuum reservoir enables the intracavity squeezing to surpass the maximum squeezing limit of 50% attainable in a DOPO coupled to an ordinary vacuum reservoir. We also found that the maximum squeezing of the output signal mode shifts from resonance to off-resonance in the presence of the injected squeezed vacuum field. Furthermore, the output pump mode exhibits nearly perfect squeezing for a squeezing parameter of r=2. Unlike the output signal mode, the maximum squeezing of the output pump mode occurs at resonance in the presence of the injected squeezed vacuum reservoir. Moreover, a considerable amount of squeezing is observed even in the presence of thermal fluctuations, as they are counterbalanced by the external squeezed light. Notably, relative damping rate between the pump and signal modes is observed to be a parameter that significantly influences squeezing, indicating the importance of optimizing the amount of damping depending on the intended purpose of the DOPO.
The dynamics of a coherently driven two-level atom with parametric amplifier and coupled to a vacuum reservoir is analyzed. The combination of the master equation and the quantum Langevin equation is presented to study the quantum properties of light. By using these equations, we have determined the time evolution of the expectation values of the cavity mode and atomic operators. Moreover, with the aid of these results, the correlation properties of noise operators, and the large-time approximation scheme, we calculate the mean photon number, power spectrum, second-order correlation function, and quadrature variances for the cavity-mode light and fluorescence. It is found that the half-width of the power spectrum for the fluorescent light in the presence of a parametric amplifier increases, while it decreases for the cavity-mode light. Moreover, we have found the probability for the atom to be in the upper level in the presence of a parametric amplifier.
We investigate the statistical and quadrature squeezings, as well as the entanglement properties, of a two-mode light generated by non-degenerate parametric oscillations coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir, by employing the solutions of the quantum Langevin equations. It is found that the two-mode light shows the two-mode squeezing and entanglement for all values of the time. Moreover, it is observed that the squeezed vacuum reservoir and the growing amplitude of the pump mode enhance the degrees of two-mode squeezing and entanglement. We have also shown that the amounts of squeezing and entanglement are significant in a region, where the mean photon number is higher, and the photon number correlation is lower.
The detailed analysis of the two-mode quadrature squeezing and statistical properties of light generated by a nondegenerate three-level laser which has a parametric amplifier and coupled with a thermal reservoir is executed. The combination of the master equation and the stochastic differential equation is presented to study the nonclassical features of the light generated by the quantum system. Moreover, with the aid the resulting solutions together with the correlation properties of noise operators, we calculated the quadrature squeezing, entanglement, and mean number of photon pairs of the cavity light. It is found that the external small-amplitude driving radiation induces a strong correlation between the top and bottom states of three-level atoms to produce a high degree of squeezing. Moreover, the presence of a parametric amplifier is found to enhance the degree of squeezing of the cavity light. We have also established that an increase in the mean thermal photon number appears to degrade the squeezing, but enhances the mean number of photon pairs of the cavity light.
In this paper, we have studied the statistical and squeezing properties of the light produced by superposed light beams generating by a pair of degenerate parametric oscillator whose cavity mode is driven by a coherent light and is coupled to a vacuum reservoir via a single port mirror. We obtain c-number Langevin equation associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. Employing the solution of the c-number Langevin equation and the density operator, we have determined the mean and the variance photon number, quadrature variances and squeezing spectrum of the superposed light beams.
Squeezed light is a particularly useful quantum resource, which finds broad applications in quantum information processing, quantum metrology and sensing, and biological measurements. Here we show how to produce squeezed light exploiting the strong exciton–phonon nonlinear interaction in a semiconductor microcavity. The semiconductor microcavity is embedded with a quantum well, which supports both linear and nonlinear interactions among excitons, phonons, and cavity photons. We show that the strong exciton–phonon deformation potential interaction can induce a quadrature-squeezed cavity output field, and further reveal an important role of the exciton–photon coupling in engineering the squeezing spectrum and improving the robustness of the squeezing against thermal noise. Our results indicate that substantial optical squeezing in a broad band, up to tens of gigahertz, can be achieved using currently available parameters.