Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Ukrainian Journal of Physics

Two-Level Atom with Squeezed Light from Optical Parametric Oscillators

Tamirat Abebe, Nebiyu Gemechu

Published Aug 2, 2018• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of a coherently driven two-level atom with parametric amplifier and coupled to a vacuum reservoir is analyzed. The combination of the master equation and the quantum Langevin equation is presented to study the quantum properties of light. By using these equations, we have determined the time evolution of the expectation values of the cavity mode and atomic operators. Moreover, with the aid of these results, the correlation properties of noise operators, and the large-time approximation scheme, we calculate the mean photon number, power spectrum, second-order correlation function, and quadrature variances for the cavity-mode light and fluorescence. It is found that the half-width of the power spectrum for the fluorescent light in the presence of a parametric amplifier increases, while it decreases for the cavity-mode light. Moreover, we have found the probability for the atom to be in the upper level in the presence of a parametric amplifier.

DOI
10.15407/ujpe63.7.600

Related papers

Interaction of Two-Level Atom with Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir

Tamirat Abebe, Demissie Jobir Gelmecha, Chimdessa Gashu Feyisa +1 more

In this paper, the quantum properties of a two-level atom interaction with squeezed vacuum reservoir is throughly analyzed. With the aid of the interaction Hamiltonian and the master equation, we obtain the time evolution of the expectation values of the atomic operators. Employing the steady-state solution of these equations, we calculate the power spectrum and the second-order correlation function for the interaction of two-level atom with squeezed vacuum reservoir. It is found that the half width of the power spectrum of the light increases with the squeeze parameter, r . Furthermore, in the absence of decay constant and interaction time, it enhances the probability for the atom to be in the upper level.

Advances in Mathematical Physics•Jan 29, 2021•4 citations

Quantum Properties of Coherently Driven Three-Level Atom Coupled to Vacuum Reservoir

Bessie Mengesha

A three-level laser with an open cavity and a two-mode vacuum reservoir is explored for its quantum properties. Our investigation begins with a normalized order of the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir. The master equation and linear operators' equations of motion are used to determine the equations of evolution of the atomic operators' expectation values. The equation of motion answers are then used to calculate the mean photon number, photon number variance, and quadrature variance for single–mode cavity light and two–mode cavity light. As a result, for γ=0, the quadrature variance of light mode a is greater than the mean photon number for two-mode cavity light. As a result, for the two-mode cavity light, the maximum quadrature squeezing is 43.42 percent.

Universal Journal of Physics Research•Oct 23, 2022•4 citations

Quantum properties of nondegenerate three-level laser coupled vacuum reservoir

Menisha Alemu

In this paper, we have studied the squeezing and statistical properties of the light produced by a three-level laser whose cavity contains a parametric amplifier, and with the cavity mode driven by coherent light and coupled to a vacuum reservoir. We obtain stochastic differential equations associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. By making use of the solutions to the resulting differential equations, we calculate the quadrature variances. We also determine the mean and variance of the photon number for the cavity mode by employing the Q function. It is found that the parametric amplifier increases the degree of squeezing, while the driving coherent light does not have any effect on the squeezing. Moreover, the mean photon number increases considerably due to the driving coherent light and the parametric amplifier.

Iranian Journal of Physics Research•Dec 1, 2024•0 citations

Three-Level Laser Coupled to Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir

Menisha Alemu

We analyze the quantum properties of the light generated by a three-level laser with an open cavity and coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror. The three-level laser consists of three-level atoms available in an open cavity and pumped from the bottom to the top level by means of electron bombardment. Applying the large-time approximation scheme, we have obtained the steady-state solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators. Using the resulting steady-state solutions, we have calculated the mean photon number, the variance of the photon number, and the quadrature variance for the two-mode cavity light. We have seen that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the plus quadrature. It so turns out that the maximum quadrature squeezing of the two-mode cavity light is 45:68% for M0 = 0:59 and N0 = 0:27 below the vacuum-state level. In addition, we have shown that the effect of the squeezed parameter is to increase the mean and variance of the photon number.

Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering•May 11, 2020•8 citations

Coherently Driven N Number of Degenerate Three-Level Atoms with Parametric Amplifier

Tamirat Abebe, Chimdessa Gashu Feyisa, Nebiyu Gemechu

We have analyzed the squeezing and statistical properties of the cavity light beam produced by a coherently driven degenerate three-level laser with a degenerate parametric amplifier (DPA) in an open cavity and coupled to a vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror. We have carried out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in normal order. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equation for the cavity mode operator, the mean photon number and the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light are calculated. And a large part of the mean photon number is confined in a relatively small frequency interval. Furthermore, we also obtain the antinormally ordered characteristic function defined in the Heisenberg picture. With the aid of the resulting characteristic function, we determine the Q function which is then used to calculate the photon number distribution.

Advances in Mathematical Physics•Oct 10, 2020•6 citations

Electrically Pumped Two-Mode Laser Dynamics

M. Molla Gessesse

The statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light produced by a three-level laser are studied. In the laser, N three-level atoms in an open cavity are coupled with a two-mode vacuum reservoir and are pumped to the top level by means of the electron bombardment. Applying the steady-state solutions of the equations of evolution of the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have obtained the global and local photon statistics for single-mode cavity light beams and for two-mode cavity light. It is found that the global mean photon number and the global photon-number variance of the light emitted from the top are greater than those for the light emitted from intermediate level. The cavity lights emitted from the top and intermediate levels can be separately in a chaotic state under certain conditions. However, the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state under certain conditions. We have established that the maximum quadrature squeezing of the two-mode cavity light to be about 46% below the coherent-state level. The presence of the vacuum reservoir noise has the effect of increasing the photon-number variance and decreasing the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light but has no effect on the mean photon number. We have shown that the local mean photon number and photon number variance of the cavity light approach the global mean photon number and photon number variance of the cavity light as the frequency interval increases.

Ukrainian Journal of Physics•Apr 7, 2021•2 citations
The dynamics of a coherently driven two-level atom with parametric amplifier and coupled to a vacuum reservoir is analyzed. The combination of the master equation and the quantum Langevin equation is presented to study the quantum properties of light. By using these equations, we have determined the time evolution of the expectation values of the cavity mode and atomic operators. Moreover, with the aid of these results, the correlation properties of noise operators, and the large-time approximation scheme, we calculate the mean photon number, power spectrum, second-order correlation function, and quadrature variances for the cavity-mode light and fluorescence. It is found that the half-width of the power spectrum for the fluorescent light in the presence of a parametric amplifier increases, while it decreases for the cavity-mode light. Moreover, we have found the probability for the atom to be in the upper level in the presence of a parametric amplifier.
In this paper, the quantum properties of a two-level atom interaction with squeezed vacuum reservoir is throughly analyzed. With the aid of the interaction Hamiltonian and the master equation, we obtain the time evolution of the expectation values of the atomic operators. Employing the steady-state solution of these equations, we calculate the power spectrum and the second-order correlation function for the interaction of two-level atom with squeezed vacuum reservoir. It is found that the half width of the power spectrum of the light increases with the squeeze parameter, r . Furthermore, in the absence of decay constant and interaction time, it enhances the probability for the atom to be in the upper level.
A three-level laser with an open cavity and a two-mode vacuum reservoir is explored for its quantum properties. Our investigation begins with a normalized order of the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir. The master equation and linear operators' equations of motion are used to determine the equations of evolution of the atomic operators' expectation values. The equation of motion answers are then used to calculate the mean photon number, photon number variance, and quadrature variance for single–mode cavity light and two–mode cavity light. As a result, for γ=0, the quadrature variance of light mode a is greater than the mean photon number for two-mode cavity light. As a result, for the two-mode cavity light, the maximum quadrature squeezing is 43.42 percent.
In this paper, we have studied the squeezing and statistical properties of the light produced by a three-level laser whose cavity contains a parametric amplifier, and with the cavity mode driven by coherent light and coupled to a vacuum reservoir. We obtain stochastic differential equations associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. By making use of the solutions to the resulting differential equations, we calculate the quadrature variances. We also determine the mean and variance of the photon number for the cavity mode by employing the Q function. It is found that the parametric amplifier increases the degree of squeezing, while the driving coherent light does not have any effect on the squeezing. Moreover, the mean photon number increases considerably due to the driving coherent light and the parametric amplifier.
We analyze the quantum properties of the light generated by a three-level laser with an open cavity and coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror. The three-level laser consists of three-level atoms available in an open cavity and pumped from the bottom to the top level by means of electron bombardment. Applying the large-time approximation scheme, we have obtained the steady-state solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators. Using the resulting steady-state solutions, we have calculated the mean photon number, the variance of the photon number, and the quadrature variance for the two-mode cavity light. We have seen that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the plus quadrature. It so turns out that the maximum quadrature squeezing of the two-mode cavity light is 45:68% for M0 = 0:59 and N0 = 0:27 below the vacuum-state level. In addition, we have shown that the effect of the squeezed parameter is to increase the mean and variance of the photon number.
We have analyzed the squeezing and statistical properties of the cavity light beam produced by a coherently driven degenerate three-level laser with a degenerate parametric amplifier (DPA) in an open cavity and coupled to a vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror. We have carried out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with the vacuum reservoir in normal order. Applying the solutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equation for the cavity mode operator, the mean photon number and the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light are calculated. And a large part of the mean photon number is confined in a relatively small frequency interval. Furthermore, we also obtain the antinormally ordered characteristic function defined in the Heisenberg picture. With the aid of the resulting characteristic function, we determine the Q function which is then used to calculate the photon number distribution.
The statistical and squeezing properties of the cavity light produced by a three-level laser are studied. In the laser, N three-level atoms in an open cavity are coupled with a two-mode vacuum reservoir and are pumped to the top level by means of the electron bombardment. Applying the steady-state solutions of the equations of evolution of the expectation values of the atomic operators and the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have obtained the global and local photon statistics for single-mode cavity light beams and for two-mode cavity light. It is found that the global mean photon number and the global photon-number variance of the light emitted from the top are greater than those for the light emitted from intermediate level. The cavity lights emitted from the top and intermediate levels can be separately in a chaotic state under certain conditions. However, the two-mode cavity light is in a squeezed state under certain conditions. We have established that the maximum quadrature squeezing of the two-mode cavity light to be about 46% below the coherent-state level. The presence of the vacuum reservoir noise has the effect of increasing the photon-number variance and decreasing the quadrature squeezing of the cavity light but has no effect on the mean photon number. We have shown that the local mean photon number and photon number variance of the cavity light approach the global mean photon number and photon number variance of the cavity light as the frequency interval increases.