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Chinese Physics B

Multi-frequency non-reciprocal optical directional amplifier realized with non-Hermitian resonator arrays

Jin-Xiang Xue, Chuan-Xun Du, Chengchao Liu, Yang Liu, Yong-Long Wang

Published Aug 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract For a multi-frequency non-reciprocal optical device, we first realize multi-frequency optical non-reciprocal transmission using a non-Hermitian multi-mode resonator array. Practically, multi-frequency operation can add channels to the non-reciprocal optical device and the non-reciprocity can route optical signals and prevent the reverse flow of noise. Using the Scully–Lamb model and gain saturation effect, we accomplish dual-frequency non-reciprocal transmission by introducing nonlinearity into a linear array of four-mode resonators. The accomplishment is directly demonstrated by the non-reciprocal transmission phenomena present in the non-divergent peaks. For example, a directional cyclic amplifier is constructed with non-reciprocal units. Regarding potential applications, non-reciprocal optical systems can be employed in dual-frequency control, parallel information processing, photonic integrated circuits, optical devices and so on.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/adf69d

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Abstract For a multi-frequency non-reciprocal optical device, we first realize multi-frequency optical non-reciprocal transmission using a non-Hermitian multi-mode resonator array. Practically, multi-frequency operation can add channels to the non-reciprocal optical device and the non-reciprocity can route optical signals and prevent the reverse flow of noise. Using the Scully–Lamb model and gain saturation effect, we accomplish dual-frequency non-reciprocal transmission by introducing nonlinearity into a linear array of four-mode resonators. The accomplishment is directly demonstrated by the non-reciprocal transmission phenomena present in the non-divergent peaks. For example, a directional cyclic amplifier is constructed with non-reciprocal units. Regarding potential applications, non-reciprocal optical systems can be employed in dual-frequency control, parallel information processing, photonic integrated circuits, optical devices and so on.
In the present paper, a multi-frequency optical non-reciprocal transmission is first realized by using a non-Hermitian multi-mode resonator array.We find that the non-reciprocity can be used to route optical signals, to prevent the reverse flow of noise, and find that the multi-frequency can be used to enhance information processing. In terms of the Scully-Lamb model and gain saturation effect, we accomplish a dual-frequency non-reciprocal transmission by introducing nonlinearity into a linear array of four-mode resonators. For example, a directional cyclic amplifier is constructed with non-reciprocal units. As potential applications, the non-reciprocity optical systems can be employed in dual-frequency control, parallel information processing, photonic integrated circuits, optical devices and so on.
Non-reciprocal optical devices in integrated systems on a chip have attracted great interest due to the increasing demand for researching integrated photonics and silicon photonics. The non-reciprocal devices include optical isolators, circulators, and optical amplifiers. In this paper, We analyze the dynamic nonreciprocity of an optical isolator based on the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency, and show a comparison of the nonreciprocal transmission when waves are transmitted forward and backward. The results show that when energy is transmitted, this isolator can realize signal isolation with specific direction transmission at non-single frequency. This device can be used in a wide range of signal processing and optical communication applications.
Owing to the potential applications in all-optical quantum information processing and quantum optical networks, magnet-free optical non-reciprocity transmission has attracted great interest and has been studied in many fields, such as parity-time-symmetry enhanced nonlinearity, optomechanical systems, photonic crystal, cold atomic Bragg lattices, chiral quantum optics, and hot atoms. In particular, the random thermal motion of hot atoms can be a useful resource to realize optical non-reciprocity. Here in this work, based on the susceptibility-momentum-locking of atomic thermal motion and the strong coupling characteristics of cavities, a magnetic-free optical reciprocity-nonreciprocity transmission conversion scheme is designed and realized through the atom-cavity compound system. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that the coupling field conditions determine the nonreciprocity of the system. Under the action of single traveling-wave field, the nonreciprocity in hot atoms depends on the propagation direction of the coupling field due to the Doppler effect. Therefore, by changing the opening and closing of the opposite coupling field, the two-way single channel optical nonreciprocal transmission based on intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency can be controlled. When the two coupling fields propagate simultaneously in the opposite directions, however, the cavity transmission changes from single-dark-state to double-dark-state peaks, in which the reciprocity outputs depend on the frequency difference between the two coupling fields. By tuning the frequency difference, the two-way multi-channel reciprocal-nonreciprocal transmission regulation based on double dark polar peaks can be realized. The study can be applied to all-optical quantum devices and quantum information processing, such as optical transistors, optical switching and routing, and quantum gate manipulation.
Optical nonreciprocity plays an important role in optical communication and quantum networks. In this research, we propose and demonstrate a conversion scheme of magnetic-free dual-channel optical reciprocal amplification (RA) and nonreciprocal amplification (NRA) based on the multiple degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot atoms. In our experiment, the dual-channel NRA works with the action of a single pump field based on the establishment of FWM in the same direction and breaking in the opposite direction. Based on stable ground-state Zeeman coherence, by introducing a counter-propagating pump field again, NRA can be changed to RA in the opposite direction of the two original amplified conjugate signals. Moreover, the frequencies of RA signals are very dependent on those of co-propagating pump fields. The experimental realization of NRA-RA conversion may have applications for multichannel angular momentum spatial multiplexing and quantum gate manipulation.
Abstract Optical transmission nonreciprocity as a widely investigated phenomenon is essential to various applications. Many sophisticated mechanisms have been proposed and tested for achieving the optical nonreciprocity on integrated scale, but the technical barriers still exist to their practical implementation. To have an ultra-high transmission nonreciprocity, we consider a simple physical mechanism of optical gain saturation applied to a structure of three mutually coupled cavities or fiber rings. The gain saturation processes in two of its components creates a significantly enhanced optical nonreciprocity that satisfies the requirements for the realistic applications. The structure enjoys two advantages of its wide working bandwidth and the flexibility in choosing its components. Moreover, it is possible to apply the structure to a faithful and non-reciprocal transmission of broadband pulse signals. The structure may considerably relax the constraints on the integrated photonic circuits based on the current technology.