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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Active Polarization Control using Classical Headers in Quantum Wrapper Networks

Gamze Gül, James van Howe, Sze Tiong Tan, Mehmet Berkay On, Roberto Proietti, Gregory S. Kanter, S. J. Ben Yoo, Prem Kumar

Published Jan 1, 2025• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate automated polarization compensation of quantum datagrams leveraging classical headers as a polarization probe, thereby advancing the functionality of quantum wrapper networking. We furthermore observe minimal performance degradation from Raman scattering noise.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2025.qtu3a.37

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We propose Quantum Wrapper as a novel networking technology that enables simultaneous control, management, and operation of quantum networks that coexist with classical networks. The quantum wrapper networks enable the transparent and interoperable transportation of quantum wrapper datagrams consisting of quantum payloads and, notably, classical headers, to facilitate the datagram switching without measuring or disturbing the qubits of the quantum payload. Furthermore, quantum wrapper networks can utilize the common network control and management for performance monitoring on the classical header, and infer the quantum channel quality.
Quantum wrapper networking (QWN) is an emerging quantum networking protocol that wraps qubits in classical header bits to enable switching/routing, monitoring, and control without detecting the quantum signal. In this work, we encode header bits with two nonorthogonal polarization references to track and actively compensate for the changing birefringence of a 48 km deployed fiber link. Our method is analytical and deterministic, using motorized waveplates and a variable phase retarder to accurately and stably compensate the channel. We verify successful compensation by measuring the polarization stability of single photon qubits and the visibility of entangled photon pairs under both slow birefringence drift due to environmental fluctuations and large sudden changes designed to emulate those that occur during packet switching and rerouting over different fiber paths. For large, sudden changes, our compensator recovers the Stokes vector of single photons to within 10 degrees of the target state on the Poincaré sphere and restores the two-photon interference visibilities to their original levels on the deployed fiber link. Additionally, experiments monitoring long-term compensation over 44 hours show that active polarization compensation maintains the two-photon interference visibility, whereas disabling the compensator leads to visibility degradation over time, particularly in the diagonal-antidiagonal basis, where the average raw visibility decreases by 7.7%. These results add a polarization-control layer to QWN and illustrate that information-carrying headers can enable deterministic physical-layer compensation in the quantum channel over long-distance deployed fiber links.
We introduce a new concept of Quantum Wrapper Networking, which enables control, management, and operation of quantum networks that can co-exist with classical networks while keeping the requirements for quantum networks intact. The quantum wrapper networks (QWNs) enable the transparent and interoperable transportation of quantum wrapper datagrams consisting of quantum payloads and, notably, classical headers to facilitate the datagram switching without measuring or disturbing the qubits of the quantum payload. Furthermore, QWNs can utilize the common network control and management for performance monitoring on the classical header and infer the quantum channel quality.