This paper examines the history of Bell’s inequality from EPR argument to Bell’s papers, and the influence of Bell’s inequality on the frontier exploration of quantum mechanics. It is found that Bell’s inequality has some hidden assumptions that are different from EPR argument. Along Schrodinger’s idea that the measurement process of the EPR experiment requires time, Karl Hess and his follows treat time as a time order parameter, by extending the method of space-time geometry analysis of relativity to the localized geometry analysis of quantum states, it is believed that the reasoning of Bell’s inequality does not meet the requirements of the completeness of EPR argument. Analyzing the non locality of gravitational energy in general relativity makes it necessary for us to seek a more localized expression of relativistic gravitational theory. Based on local realism, exploring new interpretations and expressions of quantum mechanics may open up new avenues for studying quantum gravity. We found that Lorentz almost discovered the incompleteness of general relativity but erroneously insisted on the concepts of ether and absolute space, just as Einstein correctly discovered the flaws in the non local representation of quantum mechanics based on outdated determinism.
This paper examines the history of Bell’s inequality from EPR argument to Bell’s papers, and the influence of Bell’s inequality on the frontier exploration of quantum mechanics. It is found that Bell’s inequality has some hidden assumptions that are different from EPR argument. Along Schrodinger’s idea that the measurement process of the EPR experiment requires time, Karl Hess and his follows treat time as a time order parameter, by extending the method of space-time geometry analysis of relativity to the localized geometry analysis of quantum states, it is believed that the reasoning of Bell’s inequality does not meet the requirements of the completeness of EPR argument. Analyzing the non locality of gravitational energy in general relativity makes it necessary for us to seek a more localized expression of relativistic gravitational theory. Based on local realism, exploring new interpretations and expressions of quantum mechanics may open up new avenues for studying quantum gravity. We found that Lorentz almost discovered the incompleteness of general relativity but erroneously insisted on the concepts of ether and absolute space, just as Einstein correctly discovered the flaws in the non local representation of quantum mechanics based on outdated determinism.
This paper examines the history of Bell’s inequality from EPR argument to Bell’s papers, and the influence of Bell’s inequality on the frontier exploration of quantum mechanics. It is found that Bell’s inequality has some hidden assumptions that are different from EPR argument. Some scholars have led to the erroneous conclusion that quantum information exceeds the speed of light. Along Schrodinger's idea that the measurement process of the EPR experiment requires time, Karl Hess treated time as a time order parameter, and got a local hidden variable inequality that is different from Bell’s inequality. Joy Christian extended the method of space-time geometry analysis of relativity to the localized geometry analysis of quantum states, and found that the reasoning of Bell’s inequality does not meet the requirements of the completeness of EPR argument. The mainstream quantum gravity researches have made great progress, but there are many disagreements. According to Einstein's local realism, some new interpretations and new representations of quantum mechanics are given, which may open up new ideas for quantum gravity research.
This paper examines the history from EPR argument to Bell’s inequality and the influence of Bell’s inequality on the frontier exploration of quantum mechanics. It is found that Bell’s inequality has some hidden assumptions different from EPR argument: Following Schrodinger's assumption that the measurement process of EPR experiment undergos time, Karl Hess regards time as an implicit variable of time series, and Joy Christian obtains a local implicit variable inequality different from Bell's inequality. They extended the relativistic space-time geometric analysis method to the localized geometric morphological analysis of quantum states, and considered that the Bell’s inequality reasoning did not meet the requirements of the completeness of EPR argument. Quantum statistics given by identical particles is different from classical statistics. Innovative ensemble interpretation can also solve Bell's inequality and give a demonstration of quantum non-locality. The main research progress of quantum gravity is great, but there are many divergences. According to Einstein's local realism, the new explanation and expression of quantum mechanics may open up new ideas for the study of quantum gravity.
It is shown that when properly analyzed using principles consistent with the
use of a Hilbert space to describe microscopic properties, quantum mechanics is
a local theory: one system cannot influence another system with which it does
not interact. Claims to the contrary based on quantum violations of Bell
inequalities are shown to be incorrect. A specific example traces a violation
of the CHSH Bell inequality in the case of a spin-3/2 particle to the
noncommutation of certain quantum operators in a situation where (non)locality
is not an issue. A consistent histories analysis of what quantum measurements
measure, in terms of quantum properties, is used to identify the basic problem
with derivations of Bell inequalities: the use of classical concepts (hidden
variables) rather than a probabilistic structure appropriate to the quantum
domain. A difficulty with the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument
for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics is the use of a counterfactual
argument which is not valid if one assumes that Hilbert-space quantum mechanics
is complete; locality is not an issue. The quantum correlations that violate
Bell inequalities can be understood using local quantum common causes.
Wavefunction collapse and Schr\odinger steering are calculational procedures,
not physical processes. A general Principle of Einstein Locality rules out
nonlocal influences between noninteracting quantum systems. Some suggestions
are made for changes in terminology that could clarify discussions of quantum
foundations and be less confusing to students.
Bell inequalities are intended to formulate mathematically the argument of the thought-experiment proposed by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) in the Einstein-Bohr Debate. Devised to test Bell inequalities against quantum mechanics for resolving the Einstein-Bohr debate, Bell experiments are purportedly modern versions of the EPR experiment. However, there exists a fatal logical flaw in Bell experiments. Because of the logical flaw, Bell experiments differ essentially from the EPR experiment, and quantum correlation in the EPR experiment is not "quantum entanglement" in Bell experiments; the latter is not physically meaningful. In addition to the logical flaw in Bell experiments, a physical constraint imposed on measuring individual quantum objects is violated by all Bell inequalities, which makes Bell inequalities physically meaningless. Unlike Bell experiments, the EPR experiment will not violate any physical constraint, and the EPR argument has no logical flaw. Consequently, the experimental invalidation of Bell inequalities is not evidence for falsifying the two fundamental hypotheses for scientific research, i.e., locality and realism, underlying the EPR experiment, and by no means can Bell experiments resolve the Einstein-Bohr debate. Stemming from abandoning either locality or realism or both, the so-called new applications of quantum mechanics, including various quantum information technologies, are all ineligible and doomed to failure, for they attempt to exploit physically meaningless "quantum superposition" or "quantum entanglement", treating them as physical resources "out there" in the real world.
As we all know, Einstein disagreed with Born's probabilistic interpretation of wave-functions, which collapse abruptly once measurements are performed on the corresponding systems. In the Einstein-Bohr debate, Einstein considered quantum mechanics incomplete. Inspired by Einstein, Bell and his followers intended to complete quantum mechanics within the framework of local realism. Regrettably, deterministic correlations in Einstein's local-realist description of the world are mistaken for "nonlocal-interactions" (non-locality) in the world described by Bell's theorem, which leads to the questionable interpretation of the experimental results obtained by testing Bell inequalities. This article introduces a new principle, the general principle of measurements, which is proved as a mathematical theorem and allows quantum mechanics to be completed within the framework of local realism while keeping the axiomatic definition of a general Hilbert space essentially unchanged. Using disjunction ("or") as the logical relation between orthonormal vectors spanning a given Hilbert space, the completed quantum theory precludes inexplicable collapses of wave-functions and is intuitively comprehensible, thus alleviating much difficulty in understanding quantum mechanics. Among various world views, Einstein's local-realist world view is correct.
As we all know, Einstein disagreed with Born's probabilistic interpretation of wave-functions, which collapse abruptly once measurements are performed on the corresponding systems. In the Einstein-Bohr debate, Einstein considered quantum mechanics incomplete. Inspired by Einstein, Bell and his followers intended to complete quantum mechanics within the framework of local realism. Regrettably, deterministic correlations in Einstein's local-realist description of the world are mistaken for "nonlocal-interactions" (non-locality) in the world described by Bell's theorem, which leads to the questionable interpretation of the experimental results obtained by testing Bell inequalities. This article introduces a new principle, the general principle of measurements, which is proved as a mathematical theorem and allows quantum mechanics to be completed within the framework of local realism while keeping the axiomatic definition of a general Hilbert space essentially unchanged. Using disjunction ("or") as the logical relation between orthonormal vectors spanning a given Hilbert space, the completed quantum theory precludes inexplicable collapses of wave-functions and is intuitively comprehensible, thus alleviating much difficulty in understanding quantum mechanics. Among various world views, Einstein's local-realist world view is correct.