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Physics Letters A

Magnetic phase transition of spin-1 spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattice

Ai‐Xia Zhang, Yun-Huan Gao, Jie Wang, Ya-Hui Qin, Ming-Zhi Zhou, Ju-Kui Xue

Published Jul 15, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130811

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We study the ground-state phases of a two-dimensional rotating spin-orbit–coupled Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a one-dimensional spin-dependent optical lattice. In the absence of rotation, the system undergoes a phase transition from the stripe phase to the supersolid phase gradually for weak spin-orbit coupling strength and directly for strong spin-orbit coupling strength as the depth of the optical lattice increases. With increasing the rotation strength, the stripe phase transforms to the ringlike state, and the domain number of the ringlike state increases when the Bose-Einstein condensate is in the weak depth of the optical lattice. The supersolid phase transforms to the phase with a single domain of a vortex line for small rotation strength, and alternating vortex lines along the x -direction appear for large rotation strength when the Bose-Einstein condensate is in the strong depth of the optical lattice. The spin textures of the ground-state phases are also discussed.
We investigate the effect of a periodic potential generated by a one-dimensional optical lattice on the magnetic properties of an S=1/2S=1/2S=1/2 spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas. By increasing the lattice strength one can achieve a magnetic phase transition between a polarized and an unpolarized Bloch wave phase, characterized by a significant enhancement of the contrast of the density fringes. If the wave vector of the periodic potential is chosen close to the roton momentum, the transition could take place at very small lattice intensities, revealing the strong enhancement of the response of the system to a weak density perturbation. By solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the presence of a three-dimensional trapping potential, we shed light on the possibility of observing the magnetic phase transition in currently available experimental conditions.