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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Ground-state phases of a rotating spin-orbit–coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

Ji-Guo Wang, Liang-Liang Xu, Shi-Jie Yang

Published Oct 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the ground-state phases of a two-dimensional rotating spin-orbit–coupled Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a one-dimensional spin-dependent optical lattice. In the absence of rotation, the system undergoes a phase transition from the stripe phase to the supersolid phase gradually for weak spin-orbit coupling strength and directly for strong spin-orbit coupling strength as the depth of the optical lattice increases. With increasing the rotation strength, the stripe phase transforms to the ringlike state, and the domain number of the ringlike state increases when the Bose-Einstein condensate is in the weak depth of the optical lattice. The supersolid phase transforms to the phase with a single domain of a vortex line for small rotation strength, and alternating vortex lines along the x -direction appear for large rotation strength when the Bose-Einstein condensate is in the strong depth of the optical lattice. The spin textures of the ground-state phases are also discussed.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/120/20006

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We study the ground-state phases of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a two-dimensional optical lattice. We find three types of helical supersolid phases, which are dependent on the anisotropy of the spin-orbit coupling with respect to the relative strength of the yyy and xxx directions. The period of density modulation increases with the strength of the spin-orbit coupling.
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Abstract We present a systematic investigation of symmetries and ground state phase transitions in two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates with rotational and spin–orbit couplings confined within one-dimensional optical lattices. For lattice phases φ = π 2 , the vortex arrangement exhibits mirror symmetry about the y-axis, and the density distribution in momentum space maintains mirror symmetry about the k x -axis. For φ = 0, in contrast, the system exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking, leading to ground state degeneracy. The optical lattice divides the condensate into distinct units. With a fixed spin–orbit coupling strength, the two-component condensates in different units successively undergo immiscible to miscible transitions as the rotational angular frequency increases. For φ = 0, in particular, the unit of condensate located in the center of the external potential consistently remains in the phase separation.