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International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems

All-Optical Encryption and Decryption Using Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers with Two Photon Absorption

Sunil Thapa, Shunyao Fan, Xiang Zhang, NILOY KUMAR DUTTA

Published Jul 15, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the two-photon absorption (TPA)-based quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) to simulate the encryption and decryption. Optical logic gates and pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generators are realized using the TPA-based QD-SOA, and the encryption algorithm and key are based on these optical logic gates. The fast phase change due to the incorporation of TPA allows generation of keystream at high speed. Simulation results are carried out to show that encryption and decryption using PRBS based on optical logic gate are achievable.

DOI
10.1142/s0129156426400057

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In this work, we investigate the two-photon absorption (TPA)-based quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) to simulate the encryption and decryption. Optical logic gates and pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) generators are realized using the TPA-based QD-SOA, and the encryption algorithm and key are based on these optical logic gates. The fast phase change due to the incorporation of TPA allows generation of keystream at high speed. Simulation results are carried out to show that encryption and decryption using PRBS based on optical logic gate are achievable.
A scheme to realize high speed all-optical encryption and decryption using key-stream generators and an XOR gate based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) was studied. The key used for encryption and decryption is a high speed all-optical pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) which is generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) composed of QD-SOA-based logic XOR and AND gates. Two other kinds of more secure key-stream generators, i.e. cascaded design and parallel design, were also designed and investigated. Nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning in the QD-SOA are taken into account together with the rate equations in order to realize all-optical logic operations. Results show that this scheme can realize all-optical encryption and decryption by using key-stream generators at high speed (~250 Gb/s).
The effect of two-photon absorption (TPA) on all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) has been carried out. We model the rate equation with the TPA effect for the logic XOR gate, AND gate, and, for pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generation. The simulated results indicate that the TPA induced pumping increases the output Q-factor (quality). The results show that the quality of the output depends on the input pulse width and the speed of operation. The PRBS system can operate at 250 and 320 Gb/s but an increase in pulse width decreases the output Q-factor.
All-optical signal processing is characterized by high bit-rate, power efficiency, high bandwidth, and transparency. All-optical logic gates are basic logic units for the all-optical signal processing implementation. Typically, all-optical gates are based on strong optical nonlinearities related in particular to semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). We briefly review the state of art in the field of all-optical logic gates and all-optical memory. In the original part, we discuss the ultrafast all-optical memory loop based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with quantum dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in each arm.
By experiment we demonstrate an all-optical encryption/decryption scheme for nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) signals at 10 Gbit/s using all-optical exclusive-OR (XOR) logic. The key bit stream is performed by a pseudorandom bit stream. The all-optical XOR logic is achieved by nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which allows high data rate operation and asymmetric optical powers of the two input bit streams. The gain dynamics and pattern effect associated with the SOA carrier lifetime are alleviated due to the constant envelope of the NRZ-DPSK signals.
Abstract With the latest technological advancements and attractive features of next generation intelligent optical networks such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission loss, etc., they have been considered as most viable solution to satisfy promptly growing bandwidth demands. However, main optical network components bring forth a set of security challenges and reliability issues, accompanied by new vulnerabilities within the network. This paper proposes a new design for an optical encryption and decryption method for enhancing optical network security using p-i-n photodiode which generates Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) as a shot noise fluctuations and wavelength converter based design using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based XOR gate which utilizes Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM). The system performance based on Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q factor are analyzed at different data rates for different link lengths up to 100 km using OptiSystem. It is observed that error free transmission with a BER of 10-12 is achieved a data rate of 10Gbps for a link length of only 30 Km for the system with PIN photodiode’s shot noise being used for PRBS sequence generation. However, wavelength conversion based system enables transmission of signal at 10Gbps signal up to a link length of 90Km.