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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Preparation of Multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger States on 171Yb+ Ions for Frequency Standards

Korolkov Andrey Evgenyevich, Ilia V. Zalivako, A. S. Borisenko, Vasilii N. Smirnov, Pavel A. Kamenskikh, Ilya A. Semerikov, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, N. Kolachevsky

Published May 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states on two to eight qubits in a chain of ten 171Yb+ ions in a linear Paul trap has been prepared by executing a sequence of one- and two-qubit operations on the corresponding ions. The obtained states have been analyzed and their fidelity for the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state on eight qubits has been estimated at (58.9 ± 0.6)%. The expected increase in the sensitivity of parity oscillations as a function of the phase of the probe laser pulse has also been demonstrated. This result is an important step towards the creation of a multiparticle ytterbium ion optical clock with frequency averaging according to the law 1/N in contrast to the slower law $$1{\text{/}}\sqrt N $$ for an ensemble of independent particles in the case where decoherence is dominated by spontaneous decay.

DOI
10.1134/s002136402560630x

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Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states on two to eight qubits in a chain of ten 171Yb+ ions in a linear Paul trap has been prepared by executing a sequence of one- and two-qubit operations on the corresponding ions. The obtained states have been analyzed and their fidelity for the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state on eight qubits has been estimated at (58.9 ± 0.6)%. The expected increase in the sensitivity of parity oscillations as a function of the phase of the probe laser pulse has also been demonstrated. This result is an important step towards the creation of a multiparticle ytterbium ion optical clock with frequency averaging according to the law 1/N in contrast to the slower law 1/N1{\text{/}}\sqrt N 1/N​ for an ensemble of independent particles in the case where decoherence is dominated by spontaneous decay.
Multiqubit GHZ state preparation with 171Yb+^{171}\text{Yb}^+171Yb+ ions for frequency standards
Multiqubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state preparation is demonstrated on two to eight qubits in the chain of ten 171Yb+^{171}Yb^+171Yb+ ions in the linear Paul trap with a sequence of single-qubit and two-qubit operations and pulsed dynamical decupling. Fidelity of the 8-qubit GHZ state is estimated to be 58.9±0.6%58.9 \pm 0.6\%58.9±0.6%. The expected enhanced sensitivity of the parity oscillations phase to the analyzing pulse phase is observed. This result is a step towards a multi-ion optical clock with ytterbium ions with frequency averaging following 1/N1/N1/N scaling law in contrast to the slower 1/N1/\sqrt{N}1/N​ scaling for an ensemble of independent particles in case when the decoherence is dominated by the spontaneous decay.
Two experimentally feasible schemes are proposed for generating multipartite entangled states of cold trapped ions. In the first scheme, a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state can be simply synthesized in a single step, in view of decoherence mechanism, a reduction of the number of operations for the state preparation is crucial. What’s more, only one laser beam is required in our scheme. The second scheme is to prepare canonical (fully symmetric) W states by two steps. However, in the paper [HÄaner H, HÄansel W, Roos C F, et al. Nature, 2005, 438:643-646.] M steps were required for generating the same W states.
Abstract Generating and detecting genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) of sizeable quantum states prepared on physical devices is an important benchmark for highlighting the progress of near-term quantum computers. A common approach to certify GME is to prepare a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and measure a GHZ fidelity of at least 0.5. We measure the fidelities using multiple quantum coherences of GHZ states on 11 to 27 qubits prepared on the IBM Quantum ibmq_montreal device. Combinations of quantum readout error mitigation (QREM) and parity verification error detection are applied to the states. A fidelity of 0.546 ± 0.017 was recorded for a 27-qubit GHZ state when QREM was used, demonstrating GME across the full device with a confidence level of 98.6%. We benchmarked the effect of parity verification on GHZ fidelity for two GHZ state preparation embeddings on the heavy-hexagon architecture. The results show that the effect of parity verification, while relatively modest, led to a detectable improvement of GHZ fidelity.
We propose two schemes to prepare entanglement for the vibronic collective states of multiple trapped ions. The first scheme aims to generating multipartite entanglement for vibrational modes of trapped ions, which only requires a single laser beam tuned to the ionic carrier frequency. Our scheme works in the mediated excitation regime, in which the corresponding Rabi frequency is equal to the trap frequency. Beyond their fundamental importance, these states may be of interest for experimental studies on decoherence since the present scheme operates in a fast way. The second scheme aims to preparing the continuous variable multimode maximally Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. The distinct advantage is that the operation time is only limited by the available laser intensity, not by the inherent mechanisms such as off-resonant excitations. This makes it promising to obtain entanglement of multiple coherent and squeezing states with desired amplitudes in a reasonable time.