Quantum-Resilient Encryption for Real-Time Sensor Data in Next-Generation Autonomous Vehicles

N. V. Krishna Rao, Panduraju Pagidimalla, Sree Vaishnavi Karipe +1 more

Lakshmi G, Senthilkumar A, Helen Josephine V L +2 more

The rapid integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has significantly expanded the attack surface of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems.These networks exchange large volume of safety-critical data in realtime, which increases their exposure to attacks like message tampering, identity spoofing, and coordinated injection.Traditional cryptographic systems become more suspectable to emerging quantum computing threats, whereas the existing intrusion detection systems suffer from high latency, static encryption, and increased energy consumption due to frequent vehicular movement.These challenges restrict the ability of current systems to guarantee secure, real-time, energy-efficient, and sustainable communication for next-generation AVs.To address these challenges, this study introduced a novel Quantum-Enhanced Lightweight Protocol (QELP) that combines hybrid quantum-classical security mechanisms with adaptive encryption orchestration to improve security, real-time performance, and sustainable operation in IoT-enabled autonomous vehicle sensor networks.QELP combines BB84based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and lattice-based post-quantum cryptography (Kyber+) to establish quantum-resilient session keys.The context-aware encryption method dynamically adjusts the encryption intensity and key refresh rate based on residual energy, traffic density, anomaly score, and vehicular mobility to balance security strength and computational overhead.The model includes multi-layer error and attack detection techniques, including quantum-based intrusion alerts, digital signature validation, and behavioural deviation checks.The VeReMi and CARLA-NS3 datasets are employed for message-based V2X attack validation and to assess the networklevel behavior under real-time traffic scenarios.The performance is evaluated by simulations using Python (Qiskit) for quantum layers and NS3 for AV networks.The simulation results outperform with 98.76% attack detection rate, 0.015 false alarm rate, 13.7ms latency, 12.2% energy depletion score, 94.6% security risk score reduction towards a stronger quantumresilient defense and an encryption throughput improvement to 96.8%, handling encrypted data at high speed.The findings confirm that QELP provides a scalable, quantum-resilient, and energy-aware security architecture for next-generation autonomous vehicular communication systems.

Makhabbat Bakyt, Khuralay Moldamurat, Luigi La Spada +3 more

Rajan Datt, Dhiraj Singh, Ayush Goyal +4 more

Hybrids in automatic vehicles have brought in aspects of security in intra-sensor communications never seen before. Most of these threats cut across the lengths of conventional cryptographic modes against the advance of quantum computing. The research paper introduces “Q-SafeAV”, which forms an altogether new quantum secure intra-sensor communication structure able to withstand threats specifically from autonomous vehicle (AV) networks. The approach incorporates quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols and post-quantum cryptographic algorithms in the formation of quantum secured channel for communication with informational theoretical security properties between vehicle sensors for ensuring information integrity and authenticity in real-time operational environments. The framework identifies important weaknesses today that exist in current automotive communication protocols while being able to meet stringent latency requirements that are extremely crucial for safety-critical applications. To test and validate the proposed methodology, extensive experimentation were conducted, and it was observed that “Q-SafeAV” shows processing latencies below 10 milliseconds provide it with enhanced security based on quantum mechanical principles, making it suitable for real-time applications in AVs. The experimental results provide quantum-safe protection against both current and future computational attacks. Overall, the research addresses a crucial portion of growing demands for quantum-resilient security frameworks in next-generation autonomous transportation systems.

Ravi Babu Birudugadda, Sesha Sai Priya Sadam

Sheng Hui Guo, Shuo Yao, Yinyin Zhang +2 more