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Security and Privacy

Security Technology of Unmanned Cluster Communication Network Based on Physical Layer Key Generation Technology

Hongbo Liu

Published Jul 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT To optimize the security of unmanned cluster communication networks, a hybrid direct‐relay transmission eavesdropping channel model for unmanned clusters is designed. Depending on wireless channel randomness and reciprocity, a physical layer key generation method on the basis of random signal transmission is proposed. Experiments demonstrated that increasing the number of relays and improving the gain of legitimate channels greatly enhanced the confidentiality capacity of unmanned cluster eavesdropping channel models and reduced the security interruption probability. The average throughput and bit error rate of the eavesdropping channel model were 2.83 bps and 9.49%, respectively, which were 40.71% and 41.62% higher than other models, respectively. The key generation rate increased by 35.81% compared to other methods, and the memory consumption decreased by 15.02% compared to other methods. When the SNR is 30 dB, the bit error rate and eavesdropping cracking rate of the point‐to‐point key generation method are reduced by 62.03% and 81.83%, respectively. The consistency of key generation reached 99.76%, which was 2.35% higher than other methods. Moreover, it has shown superior performance in various fields such as military reconnaissance, disaster relief, agricultural monitoring, and logistics transportation, with accuracy and randomness reaching over 98%. The results indicate that the proposed method based on random signal transmission has demonstrated superior security performance and resource efficiency in unmanned cluster communication networks. This method not only provides a new security solution for unmanned cluster systems, but also opens up new directions for the research of physical layer security technology.

DOI
10.1002/spy2.70058

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ABSTRACT To optimize the security of unmanned cluster communication networks, a hybrid direct‐relay transmission eavesdropping channel model for unmanned clusters is designed. Depending on wireless channel randomness and reciprocity, a physical layer key generation method on the basis of random signal transmission is proposed. Experiments demonstrated that increasing the number of relays and improving the gain of legitimate channels greatly enhanced the confidentiality capacity of unmanned cluster eavesdropping channel models and reduced the security interruption probability. The average throughput and bit error rate of the eavesdropping channel model were 2.83 bps and 9.49%, respectively, which were 40.71% and 41.62% higher than other models, respectively. The key generation rate increased by 35.81% compared to other methods, and the memory consumption decreased by 15.02% compared to other methods. When the SNR is 30 dB, the bit error rate and eavesdropping cracking rate of the point‐to‐point key generation method are reduced by 62.03% and 81.83%, respectively. The consistency of key generation reached 99.76%, which was 2.35% higher than other methods. Moreover, it has shown superior performance in various fields such as military reconnaissance, disaster relief, agricultural monitoring, and logistics transportation, with accuracy and randomness reaching over 98%. The results indicate that the proposed method based on random signal transmission has demonstrated superior security performance and resource efficiency in unmanned cluster communication networks. This method not only provides a new security solution for unmanned cluster systems, but also opens up new directions for the research of physical layer security technology.
The applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widespread in areas such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, healthcare and smart infrastructures, where secure and reliable wireless communication is essential. The nature of a wireless channel, however, lends itself to the problem of eavesdropper-directed wireless sensor networking, interception and unauthorized access. This paper presents a secure physical layer communication system featuring the combination of channel estimator, physical layer key generator, artificial noise generator and adaptive power allocator to increase the confidentiality of physical layer communications and simultaneously achieve energy efficiency. A hybrid security mechanism is used, which takes advantage of the channel characteristics to create secret keys and to make the eavesdropper's signal reception worse by introducing controlled artificial noise. Key performance parameters considered for simulation-based evaluation are secrecy capacity, BER, PDR, Throughput, Energy consumption and Network lifetime. Results show that the secrecy capacity is 6.3 bps/Hz, the packet delivery ratio is 98.7%, the bit error rate is 10⁻⁶, and the network lifetime is 1675 rounds. The proposed framework is much more effective in terms of both communication security and energy efficiency than the traditional WSNs security schemes.
Abstract With the progress of communication technology, the increasing wireless devices are hooked up the networks, and the consequent security problems cannot be ignored. At present, the solutions mainly include secret key system and physical layer security (PLS). However, secret key system that relies on highly complex algorithms for encryption and decryption still has the risk of being cracked by powerful computers. In this paper, the PLS of Beaulieu‐Xie fading channels is studied. To improve the transmission quality and support higher speed data transmission, the single‐input multiple‐out (SIMO) system considered is the Wyner eavesdropper model with decoding and forwarding (DF) relay over Beaulieu‐Xie fading. The closed‐form theoretical formulas for secure outage probability (SOP) and strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) are obtained by complex unified functional representation, which includes two cases: and . Moreover, the theoretical formulas are verified by Monte Carlo results. By comparing the simulation results with the theoretical analysis, the authors discussed the factors to improve the secure performance. Experiments show that the larger ratio of , the smaller ratio of , smaller signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of eavesdropping channels, smaller threshold and more legitimate antennas are beneficial to the improvement of anti‐interference capability for the relay networks with Beaulieu‐Xie distributions when the legal channel link R→D is in a state of high SNR.
This paper introduces a novel physical layer secure communication technology based on wireless channel direct encryption to enhance the encryption strength of the information source. Unlike traditional methods of key generation based on the reciprocity of the wireless channel, which typically involve quantizing the wireless channel and then negotiating keys, resulting in two completely identical bit strings generated as encryption keys for upper-level cryptographic algorithms between legitimate communication parties, this paper's approach quantizes the quantized bits of the wireless channel characteristics of both legitimate parties and directly encrypts the information source bits by using a designed lightweight encryption/decryption algorithm. Compared to traditional approaches, this paper's method avoids the key consultation process for physical layer key distribution, expanding the scenarios for the use of physical layer keys. Moreover, it can work independently at the same time with the upper layer cryptography to enhance the encryption strength. Through experimental verification, it has been confirmed that, in cases where the channel error rate during information transmission is less than 5*10^-2, this model can achieve an average reception accuracy of 99.6% for legitimate communicators while ensuring that eavesdroppers cannot decrypt. This approach can also compatible with upper-layer security encryption/decryption algorithms at each layer of the OSI, e.g., data link layer and network layer, offering extensive application prospects.
With the continuous development of the fifth generation (5G) technology, the physical layer of the wireless communication network is facing new challenges. How to effectively prevent and protect these key technologies in the physical layer has a great impact on the entire network and even the entire society. Information security early warning model is a state evaluation model of important security control points in the physical layer of communication network. Security is an important indicator of communication system. Whether its security protection is effective is the basis of its survival and use. Aiming at the situation that the receiver is monitored in the transmission system, this paper has studied the safe transmission method assisted by artificial noise (AN). After the simulation experiment of the physical layer security transmission algorithm, this paper discussed the performance of different algorithms in three scenarios: transmission under non ideal channel information, one-way relay eavesdropping system, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) untrusted relay eavesdropping system. When analyzing the relationship between the safe transmission rate of different MIMO untrusted relay antennas and the target power constraint AT,My=5,Md3,Mt=4,At={5,35}A_{T}, M_{y}=5, M_{d}3, M_{t}=4, A_{t}=\{5,35\}AT​,My​=5,Md​3,Mt​=4,At​={5,35} dB. On this basis, the optimal power distribution was realized. In the six schemes, when the power constraint ATA_{T}AT​ increased, the security transmission rate of each scheme was improved.
At present, wireless communication technology greatly improves the transmission data rate, but at the same time, it also has higher and higher requirements for the realization of secure communication. From the perspective of information theory, the physical layer key system provides a new way to solve the problem of secure communication in wireless communication system. The uplink and downlink wireless channels with natural reciprocity are used as random sources to generate shared key. Firstly, this paper introduces the steps of a key distribution protocol with multi-level quantization based on the characteristics of wireless channel CSI. Secondly, the security of this kind of key distribution protocol is analyzed by the key generation rate and other evaluation metrics. Furthermore, it is verified by simulation in the typical channel model scenario of 4G communication mode. The simulation results show that the key distribution protocol based on the characteristics of wireless channel can achieve a key generation rate of 5 bits/resource block under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio (such as 20dB) in the current communication network circumstance, and the generated key sequence has sufficient randomness, so as to achieve effective secure communication.
Abstract This paper focuses on high efficiency secret key generation mechanism of physical‐layer communication over fading channels in ubiquitous wireless networks. The secret key rate via traditional physical‐layer approach could be limited when the wireless propagation channels connecting two sensors change slowly. To generate a high‐rate secret key and improve the communication efficiency over quasi‐static block fading channels, a novel multi‐randomness device‐to‐device secret key generation strategy and a cooperative communication mechanism aided by relay nodes are proposed. In the proposed schemes, the legitimate members to send random signals rotationally in every coherent time are set; thus, two legitimate ubiquitous wireless network members, Alice and Bob, can obtain the potential correlated information by exploiting the randomness and the reciprocity of the wireless propagation channels. Considering the reciprocity of wireless channels is variable while the forward channel gain and backward channel gain are correlated in coherent time, a modified secret key generation scheme is proposed via layered coding with theoretical secret key rates derived. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms traditional approaches with favourable application prospects in ubiquitous wireless communications networks and internet of things.