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China Communications

A novel secrecy enhancing scheme for spatial modulation in the presence of imperfect CSI

Shang Pingping, Chen Junqi, Tao Zhuofan, Xie Longhui, Wan Xiangkui, Guan Liang, Qin Jiangyi

Published Jun 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the objective reality of channel estimation error, this paper introduces a novel artificial noise (AN) aided spatial modulation (SM) secrecy-enhancing scheme under imperfect channel state information (CSI). In the proposed scheme, SM is used to activate one antenna from the transmit antennas, and the information symbols will be transmitted with the designed AN at each timeslot. By utilizing the legitimate channel's imperfect CSI, AN is generated across two adjacent timeslots. Because the CSI is known at the legitimate receiver, then it can perfectly cancel the AN. However, the eavesdropper knows nothing of the legitimate channel's CSI, so it can not recover any useful information from the AN. At the receiver, a new detection scheme that detects across two adjacent timeslots is also proposed. With imperfect CSI, the secrecy rate of the proposed scheme is derived over Rayleigh fading channels in order to investigate the performance. Moreover, based on the secrecy performance analysis, the lower bound of the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), the corresponding closed form of the lower bound, and the approximated expression are also derived. The simulation results verified in this paper prove that the proposed scheme with imperfect CSI can achieve satisfactory performance.

DOI
10.23919/jcc.fa.2023-0151.202506

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Based on the objective reality of channel estimation error, this paper introduces a novel artificial noise (AN) aided spatial modulation (SM) secrecy-enhancing scheme under imperfect channel state information (CSI). In the proposed scheme, SM is used to activate one antenna from the transmit antennas, and the information symbols will be transmitted with the designed AN at each timeslot. By utilizing the legitimate channel's imperfect CSI, AN is generated across two adjacent timeslots. Because the CSI is known at the legitimate receiver, then it can perfectly cancel the AN. However, the eavesdropper knows nothing of the legitimate channel's CSI, so it can not recover any useful information from the AN. At the receiver, a new detection scheme that detects across two adjacent timeslots is also proposed. With imperfect CSI, the secrecy rate of the proposed scheme is derived over Rayleigh fading channels in order to investigate the performance. Moreover, based on the secrecy performance analysis, the lower bound of the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), the corresponding closed form of the lower bound, and the approximated expression are also derived. The simulation results verified in this paper prove that the proposed scheme with imperfect CSI can achieve satisfactory performance.
The security of information over wireless channels has always been an important aspect of wireless communication research. In this paper, the secrecy performance of a spatial modulated system with an artificial noise is investigated over the Rayleigh channel, and the corresponding secrecy rate is analyzed in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI). Based on the secrecy performance analysis, the ergodic rates and the corresponding lower bounds of the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper are, respectively, derived. As a result, the closed-form lower bound of ergodic rate of the legitimate receiver is obtained, and the lower bound of ergodic rate of the eavesdropper and the corresponding ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) can be achieved by calculating the mean values. To avoid the mean operation and reduce the complexity, the closed-form approximated expression of ESR is also derived. This theoretical ESR can include the one under perfect CSI as a special case and has the value close to the corresponding simulation. Thus, it can provide good performance evaluation for the artificial-noise-aided spatial modulation system with imperfect CSI. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. The system with imperfect CSI is found to have low ESR as compared to the one with perfect CSI due to the estimation error. Moreover, initially, the ESR increases with increasing power of artificial noise, but then, due to the total power constraint, it starts decreasing.
In this paper, we present a new secrecy-enhancing scheme for the spatial modulation (SM) system, by considering imperfect channel state information (CSI). In the proposed scheme, two antennas are activated at the same time. One of the activated antennas transmits information symbols along with artificial noise (AN) optimized under the imperfect CSI condition. On the other hand, the other activated antenna transmits another AN sequence. Because the AN are generated by exploiting the imperfect CSI of the legitimate channel, they can only be canceled at the legitimate receiver, while the passive eavesdropper will suffer from interference. We derive the secrecy rate of the proposed scheme in order to estimate the performance. The numerical results demonstrated in this paper verify that the proposed scheme can achieve a better secrecy rate compared to the conventional scheme at the same effective data rate.
In this letter, a new security enhancement scheme for space shift keying (SSK) systems under imperfect channel state information (CSI) is proposed. In this scheme, the legitimate receiver is always accompanied by an eavesdropper, and the secrecy enhancing of the SSK system is realized by adding the designed artificial noise (AN). Since the AN is designed by the CSI of the legitimate channel, it can be canceled at the legitimate receiver and remained at the eavesdropper. In addition, the impacts of the CSI estimation error on the secrecy rate (SR) and bit error ratio (BER) of the SSK system have also been taken into account. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional SSK under imperfect CSI environment, the proposed scheme improves the SR and BER. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
In this paper, we investigate the system performance from the physical layer security provision under imperfect channel state information (CSI). In a classical transmitter (Alice)-legitimate receiver (Bob)- eavesdropper (Eve) model, we introduce artificial noise (AN) to disturb Eve's reception, as Eve's CSI is unknown to Alice. For designing the transmit beamforming vector of the information signal and precoding matrix of AN, Bob feeds back the quantized CSI estimation to Alice. Due to the effects of imperfect CSI at Alice, the secrecy system performance is upper bounded at high SNRs. In order to overcome the problem, by utilizing our derived upper bound on the secrecy rate loss, we put forward a scaled feedback strategy for the secrecy system. By employing the proposed strategy, the secrecy rate increases with transmit power despite that Alice can only obtain imperfect Bob's CSI, and the secrecy rate loss between perfect CSI and imperfect CSI can be controlled within a certain gap. Computer simulations are provided to verify our derived results.
In this paper, secure downlink transmission with artificial noise (AN) aided generalized spatial modulation (GSM) has been analyzed. The transmitter sends the precoded data to the legitimate receivers (LUs) and the eavesdropper (eve) overhears it. The main emphasis is laid on the effect of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) on the secrecy capacity of LUs. AN is transmitted along with the information symbols to maintain the secrecy at the LUs. NOMA is used to transmit the data of all LUs at once. As precoding at the transmitter and AN designing is based on perfect CSI, hence imperfection in CSI leads to degradation in the capacity. Imperfection in SIC has been considered as an error in SIC at one user keeps repeating itself for other users. Monte-carlo simulations has been carried out to present the effect of both the errors simultaneously and separately on the capacity.
This paper proposes a physical-layer secrecy transmission based on artificial noise (AN) for a multi-input single-output (MISO) channel overheard by one single-antenna eavesdropper. Legitimate receiver transmits AN using beamforming to improve the secret capacity. The AN is designed for two cases assuming that legitimate receiver has perfect or imperfect knowledge of eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI). The optimization problem of AN design in both cases are not convex. A one-dimensional line search on a sequence of semidefinite programs (SDP) is proposed to solve the problem in perfect CSI case through reformulation. In the case with imperfect CSI, the beamforming and AN vectors are designed for achieving quality of service discrimination. The problem is approximated to be a convex SDP problem by relaxing some restrictions. Furthermore, the optimal covariance is shown to be of rank one. Simulation results verify that our methods precede the existed AN aided scheme.