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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

Verifiable quantum anonymous threshold secret sharing with $d$-dimension single-particle states

WANG QingLe, WANG YingYing, Guodong Li, Yuancheng Li, Runhua Shi, WEI ChunYan, ZHANG ZhiChao

Published Jun 12, 2025• 0 citations

Abstract

量子匿名秘密共享通过融合秘密共享与身份保护机制, 能够在确保接收者身份匿名性的前提下, 实现秘密的正确共享和恢复, 在需保护敏感信息和用户身份隐私的特定场景下具有广泛的应用潜力. 针对现有量子匿名秘密共享协议在门限结构单一且依赖纠缠态资源的局限性, 本文提出了一种基于 d 维单粒子态的可验证量子匿名门限秘密共享协议. 该协议中, 利用 d 维单粒子态作为信息载体, 秘密分发者 Alice 将随机秘密份额及其对应的消息验证码安全地传输给相应的参与者. 当愿意恢复秘密的合法参与者人数达到门限值 t 时, 恢复者 Charlie 聚合参与者提供的秘密份额, 从而恢复并验证秘密. 分析结果表明, 该协议是正确的, 能够有效抵抗外部敌手与内部参与者的攻击. 此外, 协议能够确保提供秘密份额的参与者身份始终保持匿名.

DOI: 10.1360/sspma-2025-0183

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Verifiable quantum anonymous threshold secret sharing with

d

-dimension single-particle states

量子匿名秘密共享通过融合秘密共享与身份保护机制, 能够在确保接收者身份匿名性的前提下, 实现秘密的正确共享和恢复, 在需保护敏感信息和用户身份隐私的特定场景下具有广泛的应用潜力. 针对现有量子匿名秘密共享协议在门限结构单一且依赖纠缠态资源的局限性, 本文提出了一种基于 d 维单粒子态的可验证量子匿名门限秘密共享协议. 该协议中, 利用 d 维单粒子态作为信息载体, 秘密分发者 Alice 将随机秘密份额及其对应的消息验证码安全地传输给相应的参与者. 当愿意恢复秘密的合法参与者人数达到门限值 t 时, 恢复者 Charlie 聚合参与者提供的秘密份额, 从而恢复并验证秘密. 分析结果表明, 该协议是正确的, 能够有效抵抗外部敌手与内部参与者的攻击. 此外, 协议能够确保提供秘密份额的参与者身份始终保持匿名.

秘密共享协议通过将秘密分割存储, 达到分散风险和容忍入侵的目的, 能有效地防止外部敌手的攻击和内部参与者的背叛. 然而, 公开的接收者身份存在被攻击的风险. 本文给出了量子匿名秘密共享的定义并提出一种基于 d 维量子系统的可认证匿名秘密共享协议以解决秘密共享协议中接收者身份的匿名问题.在该协议中, 秘密分发者首先利用 Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger 态对所有的参与者进行身份认证, 然后在指定的匿名接收者集合中构建匿名纠缠. 最后利用构建的匿名纠缠为秘密共享任务提供消息保密性和接收者身份匿名性保护. 正确性分析表明, 匿名接收者可以正确获得秘密份额并合作恢复出秘密. 在安全性方面, 协议可以同时抵抗来自外部敌手和内部参与者的攻击. 最后, 匿名性分析表明, 协议不会泄露任何有关接收者身份的信息. 量子匿名秘密共享的提出为保护用户隐私和确保信息安全提供了新思路, 也为未来量子网络中的通信协议提供了新的可能性.

Focused on the issue that the quantum secret sharing is limited to the maximally entangled state,a scheme for quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit state by using entangled state as quantum channel was proposed. The sender Alice used the Bell basis measurement and then the receiver Bob or Charlie used the single particle measurement. The participants chose the right joint unitary operation according to the results from Alice and the signal measurement,which could realize arbitrary N-qubit secret sharing. The eavesdropping analysis shows explicitly that the scheme is secure and it can resist the external eavesdropper and internal dishonest participant.

We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially separated parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, functions as a quantum information channel. After ensuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice and Bob apply a series local operations on their respective particles according to the tripartite stipulation and the secret message they both want to send to Charlie. By three Alice, Bob and Charlie's Bell measurement results, Charlie is able to infer the secret messages directly. The secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice and Bob to Charlie via initially shared pairs of GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Since there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between any two of them in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used.