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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

Authenticated anonymous secret-sharing protocol based on a high-dimensional quantum system

Guodong Li, Xu Yixi, WANG QingLe, ZHUANG ZhiHao, CHENG WenChuan

Published Aug 29, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

秘密共享协议通过将秘密分割存储, 达到分散风险和容忍入侵的目的, 能有效地防止外部敌手的攻击和内部参与者的背叛. 然而, 公开的接收者身份存在被攻击的风险. 本文给出了量子匿名秘密共享的定义并提出一种基于 d 维量子系统的可认证匿名秘密共享协议以解决秘密共享协议中接收者身份的匿名问题.在该协议中, 秘密分发者首先利用 Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger 态对所有的参与者进行身份认证, 然后在指定的匿名接收者集合中构建匿名纠缠. 最后利用构建的匿名纠缠为秘密共享任务提供消息保密性和接收者身份匿名性保护. 正确性分析表明, 匿名接收者可以正确获得秘密份额并合作恢复出秘密. 在安全性方面, 协议可以同时抵抗来自外部敌手和内部参与者的攻击. 最后, 匿名性分析表明, 协议不会泄露任何有关接收者身份的信息. 量子匿名秘密共享的提出为保护用户隐私和确保信息安全提供了新思路, 也为未来量子网络中的通信协议提供了新的可能性.

DOI
10.1360/sspma-2023-0215

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秘密共享协议通过将秘密分割存储, 达到分散风险和容忍入侵的目的, 能有效地防止外部敌手的攻击和内部参与者的背叛. 然而, 公开的接收者身份存在被攻击的风险. 本文给出了量子匿名秘密共享的定义并提出一种基于 d 维量子系统的可认证匿名秘密共享协议以解决秘密共享协议中接收者身份的匿名问题.在该协议中, 秘密分发者首先利用 Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger 态对所有的参与者进行身份认证, 然后在指定的匿名接收者集合中构建匿名纠缠. 最后利用构建的匿名纠缠为秘密共享任务提供消息保密性和接收者身份匿名性保护. 正确性分析表明, 匿名接收者可以正确获得秘密份额并合作恢复出秘密. 在安全性方面, 协议可以同时抵抗来自外部敌手和内部参与者的攻击. 最后, 匿名性分析表明, 协议不会泄露任何有关接收者身份的信息. 量子匿名秘密共享的提出为保护用户隐私和确保信息安全提供了新思路, 也为未来量子网络中的通信协议提供了新的可能性.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing enables participants to share secrets grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, ensuring the secrets recovery solely through collaborative efforts within an authorized subset of participants. Quantum anonymous secret sharing fulfills the fundamental requirements of quantum secret sharing while also ensuring the anonymity of the secret receivers. In order to address the turnover of personnel in practical scenarios, this paper propose a secure dynamic quantum anonymous secret sharing protocol utilizing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. In our scheme, on the premise of not reveal the identities of participants, the dynamic update of the participants can be realized, and the shared secret will not be altered. Furthermore, an identity authentication mechanism using single particles is introduced in this protocol, ensuring that only authenticated participants can engage in the sharing process. The proposed protocol is secure and can resist both internal and external attacks. Experimental validation conducted on the IBM quantum computing platform demonstrates the feasibility of our scheme.
Verifiable quantum anonymous threshold secret sharing with ddd-dimension single-particle states
量子匿名秘密共享通过融合秘密共享与身份保护机制, 能够在确保接收者身份匿名性的前提下, 实 现秘密的正确共享和恢复, 在需保护敏感信息和用户身份隐私的特定场景下具有广泛的应用潜力. 针对现 有量子匿名秘密共享协议在门限结构单一且依赖纠缠态资源的局限性, 本文提出了一种基于 d 维单粒子态 的可验证量子匿名门限秘密共享协议. 该协议中, 利用 d 维单粒子态作为信息载体, 秘密分发者 Alice 将随 机秘密份额及其对应的消息验证码安全地传输给相应的参与者. 当愿意恢复秘密的合法参与者人数达到门 限值 t 时, 恢复者 Charlie 聚合参与者提供的秘密份额, 从而恢复并验证秘密. 分析结果表明, 该协议是正确 的, 能够有效抵抗外部敌手与内部参与者的攻击. 此外, 协议能够确保提供秘密份额的参与者身份始终保持 匿名.
分享计划的一个有效的多党的量秘密被求婚 withGreenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ ) 状态列在后面在量的一些想法稠密的编码。代理人在为偷听的支票收到的光子上拿单个光子的大小并且利用四本地单一的操作我，西格马(z) ，西格马(x) ，和编码他们的消息的 i 西格马(y) 。当每个 GHZ 状态能带二位信息， Thisscheme 有高能力的优点。Theparties 不需要为几乎所有光子宣布测量的底，它将减少大部分交换的古典信息。为 qubits 的内在的效率和全部的效率两个都接近最大的价值。
Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) enables secure secret distribution via quantum mechanics, requiring authorized participants to collaborate for recovery. However, practical scenarios often involve classical users, demand recipient anonymity, and need dynamic participant management—features not simultaneously supported by existing schemes. This work presents a secure dynamic semiquantum anonymous secret sharing (DSQASS) protocol using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-like (GHZ-like) states. The design integrates three practical capabilities: semi-quantum operation for classical participants, dynamic membership updates, and statistical receiver anonymity. Rigorous analysis verifies the protocol’s correctness and resilience against internal and external adversaries. Simulations on a quantum cloud platform confirm its feasibility in hybrid quantum-classical environments.
我们在场为分享的量秘密(QSS ) 的一个新协议在有二粒子的纠缠的状态的 multiparties 之中的任务。在我们的计划，秘密在很多个参与的搭挡之中被切开，重建要求所有授权的搭挡的合作。而不是多，粒子 Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger 说，仅仅二粒子的纠缠的状态在这个计划被采用。由本地操作和个人，二的也上的大小纠缠了每个授权的搭挡获得的粒子秘密 buts 的一个序列与另外的授权的搭挡一起分享了。这个协议能试验性地用仅仅线性的光元素和简单纠纷来源被认识到。它在实践是可伸缩的。
Abstract Secret sharing is a procedure for splitting a secret into several parts so that no subset of parts can reconstruct the secret, but the whole set can. In future quantum networks, enabling the splitting of secrets in an anonymous way is of significant importance for splitting secrets among participants while concealing their identities. Generally, multipartite entangled states such as Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger (GHZ) states or W states are used for anonymously splitting secrets due to their symmetry with respect to the parties. However, no particle loss is tolerable for GHZ states, while only one‐particle loss is tolerable for W states in practical quantum networks. In this paper, an anonymous quantum secret sharing (AQSS) protocol is presented by using single particles and Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) pairs. It is provably anonymous under realistic adversarial scenarios. Due to the anonymity of participants, it naturally removes the risk of participant attack, which is the greatest threat to existing quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols. The protocol is compared with existing ones and show that it has a higher ability of particle loss tolerance than existing ones based on multipartite entanglement. The existence of anonymous protocols without multipartite entanglement provides an important pathway for practical applications.