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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Efficient Charging of the Quantum Battery Based on the Driven Heisenberg J1−J2${\it J}_{1}-{\it J}_{2}$ Model

Xin Zhang, Wuji Zhang, Бо Лю

Published Apr 21, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The use of an optical cavity to embed an ensemble of two‐level system, holds promise for enhancing the charging power of a quantum battery. In this study, an ultrafast charging quantum battery based on the driven Heisenberg model is proposed. Various charging performance metrics are analyzed, including energy storage, average charging power, and energy quantum fluctuation. Additionally, the dependence of the maximum energy storage and the maximum charging power on the number of atoms is also discussed. Notably, a quantum advantage is obtained in the maximum charging power, which can be approximately described by the scaling relation . When the coupling between atoms and the cavity is not strong, it is further showed that such a quantum battery can reach the quantum advantage by optimizing parameters under the collective charging scheme. Finally, regarding the external environment as a resource for auxiliary charging, a more stable charging process can be achieved for the quantum battery.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202400683

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Efficient Charging of the Quantum Battery Based on the Driven Heisenberg J1−J2J1−J2{\it J}_{1}-{\it J}_{2}J1​−J2​ Model
Abstract The use of an optical cavity to embed an ensemble of two‐level system, holds promise for enhancing the charging power of a quantum battery. In this study, an ultrafast charging quantum battery based on the driven Heisenberg model is proposed. Various charging performance metrics are analyzed, including energy storage, average charging power, and energy quantum fluctuation. Additionally, the dependence of the maximum energy storage and the maximum charging power on the number of atoms is also discussed. Notably, a quantum advantage is obtained in the maximum charging power, which can be approximately described by the scaling relation . When the coupling between atoms and the cavity is not strong, it is further showed that such a quantum battery can reach the quantum advantage by optimizing parameters under the collective charging scheme. Finally, regarding the external environment as a resource for auxiliary charging, a more stable charging process can be achieved for the quantum battery.
The Dicke model is a fundamental model in quantum optics, which describes the interaction between quantum cavity field and a large ensemble of two-level atoms. In this work, we propose an efficient charging quantum battery achieved by considering an extension Dicke model with dipole-dipole interaction and an external driving field. We focus on the influence of the atomic interaction and the driving field on the performance of the quantum battery during the charging process and find that the maximum stored energy exhibits a critical phenomenon. The maximum stored energy and maximum charging power are investigated by varying the number of atoms. When the coupling between atoms and cavity is not very strong, compared to the Dicke quantum battery, such quantum battery can achieve more stable and faster charging. In addition, the maximum charging power approximately satisfies a superlinear scaling relation P_{max}∝βN^{α}, where the quantum advantage α=1.6 can be reached via optimizing the parameters.
We consider a collection of two level systems, such as qubits, embedded into a microwave cavity as a promising candidate for the realization of high power quantum batteries. In this perspective, the possibility to design devices where the conventional single-photon coupling is suppressed and the dominant interaction is mediated by two-photon processes is investigated, opening the way to an even further enhancement of the charging performance. By solving a Dicke model with both single- and two-photon coupling we determine the range of parameters where the latter unconventional interaction dominates the dynamics of the system leading to better performances both in the charging times and average charging power of the QB compared to the single-photon case. In addition, the scaling of the maximum stored energy, fluctuations and charging power with the finite number of qubits NNN is inspected. While the energy and fluctuations scale linearly with NNN, the quadratic growth of the average power leads to a relevant improvement of the charging performance of quantum batteries based on this scheme with respect to the purely single-photon coupling case. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling from the weak to the ultra-strong regime.
Quantum battery works as a micro- or nanodevice to store and redistribute energy at the quantum level. Here we propose a spin-charger protocol, in which the battery cells are charged by a finite number of spins through a general Heisenberg XY interaction. Under the isotropic interaction, the spin-charger protocol is endowed with a higher capacity in terms of the maximum stored energy than the conventional protocols, where the battery is charged by a continuous-variable system, e.g., a cavity mode. By tuning the charger size, a tradeoff between the maximum stored energy and the average charging power is found in comparison to the cavity-charger protocol in the Tavis-Cummings model. Quantum advantage of our protocol is manifested by the scaling behavior of the optimal average power with respect to the battery size, in comparing the collective charging scheme to its parallel counterpart. We also discuss the detrimental effect on the charging performance from the anisotropic interaction between the battery and the charger, the nonideal initial states for both of them, and the crosstalk among the charger spins. A strong charger-charger interaction can be used to decouple the battery and the charger. Our findings about the advantages of the spin-charger protocol over the conventional cavity-charger protocols, including the high capacity of energy storage and the superior power law in the collective charging, provide an insight to exploit an efficient quantum battery based on the spin-spin-environment model.
We study the charging performance of a one-dimensional many-body bosonic quantum battery coupled to a harmonic-oscillator charger. In the weak-coupling regime, we show that the battery--charger dynamics can be accurately described by an effective two-level model, which predicts the resonance condition, optimal charging time, stored work, ergotropy, and charging power. We demonstrate that tuning the charger frequency to the interaction-shifted resonance enables complete energy transfer and maximum extractable work. A many-body charging advantage is observed: increasing the particle number reduces the quantum speed-limit time and enhances the charging power with a characteristic NB\sqrt{N_B}NB​​ scaling. We further introduce a decomposition of the switching cost into resonance-shifting and excitation contributions, allowing us to quantify the energetic overhead associated with the charging process. Owing to the small charging cost relative to the available charger energy, stronger battery--charger couplings can be employed to significantly boost the charging power while maintaining a low excitation cost. Our results highlight the role of resonance engineering and many-body effects in designing fast and efficient quantum batteries, and provide a promising route toward their realization in ultracold-atom platforms.
Abstract We present a quantum battery model comprising two lossless cavities that interact through a controlled photon–hopping mechanism, each housing an isolated two-level atom. This study explores the possibility of influencing the interaction between cavities within the traditional two single–cavity working modes, thereby paving the way for enhanced charging performance. By solving the generalized double Jaynes–Cummings model with cavity–cavity interactions, we demonstrate the positive impact of such interactions on battery charging, enabling the quantum battery to outperform the single–cavity case in terms of charging time and average charging power. Additionally, we investigate the influence of different cavity–cavity interaction strengths on charging efficiency and attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the entanglement within the system.
Abstract Finding a quantum battery model that demonstrates a quantum advantage while remaining feasible for experimental production is a considerable challenge. Here, a superconducting quantum battery (SQB) model that exhibits such an advantage is introduced. The model consists of two coupled superconducting qubits that interact during the unitary charging process while remaining in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir. First, the model is described, evidence of the quantum advantage is provided, and then the fabrication process of the battery is discussed using superconducting qubits. Analytical expressions for the ergotropy, instantaneous power, and capacity of the SQB, as well as their connection to quantum coherence are derived. It is demonstrated that leveraging the collective effects of Josephson energies and the coupling energy between qubits allows for optimization, resulting in improved energy redistribution and a significant enhancement in charging efficiency. This work highlights the complexities of tuning system parameters, which increase the potential for work extraction from the SQB, providing a deeper understanding of the charging mechanisms involved. These findings can be applied to superconducting quantum circuit battery architectures, underscoring the feasibility of efficient energy storage in these systems. These results pave the way for proposals of new superconducting devices, emphasizing their potential for efficient energy storage.