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arXiv:2009.09791 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Ultrafast charging in a two-photon Dicke quantum battery

Alba Crescente, Matteo Carrega, Maura Sassetti, Dario Ferraro

Published Dec 7, 2020• 184 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider a collection of two level systems, such as qubits, embedded into a microwave cavity as a promising candidate for the realization of high power quantum batteries. In this perspective, the possibility to design devices where the conventional single-photon coupling is suppressed and the dominant interaction is mediated by two-photon processes is investigated, opening the way to an even further enhancement of the charging performance. By solving a Dicke model with both single- and two-photon coupling we determine the range of parameters where the latter unconventional interaction dominates the dynamics of the system leading to better performances both in the charging times and average charging power of the QB compared to the single-photon case. In addition, the scaling of the maximum stored energy, fluctuations and charging power with the finite number of qubits $N$ is inspected. While the energy and fluctuations scale linearly with $N$, the quadratic growth of the average power leads to a relevant improvement of the charging performance of quantum batteries based on this scheme with respect to the purely single-photon coupling case. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling from the weak to the ultra-strong regime.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.102.245407

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We consider a collection of two level systems, such as qubits, embedded into a microwave cavity as a promising candidate for the realization of high power quantum batteries. In this perspective, the possibility to design devices where the conventional single-photon coupling is suppressed and the dominant interaction is mediated by two-photon processes is investigated, opening the way to an even further enhancement of the charging performance. By solving a Dicke model with both single- and two-photon coupling we determine the range of parameters where the latter unconventional interaction dominates the dynamics of the system leading to better performances both in the charging times and average charging power of the QB compared to the single-photon case. In addition, the scaling of the maximum stored energy, fluctuations and charging power with the finite number of qubits NNN is inspected. While the energy and fluctuations scale linearly with NNN, the quadratic growth of the average power leads to a relevant improvement of the charging performance of quantum batteries based on this scheme with respect to the purely single-photon coupling case. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling from the weak to the ultra-strong regime.
We investigate the performances of multiphoton anisotropic Dicke quantum battery (QB), which couples a finite number NNN of identical and independent two-level systems (TLSs) to a unique cavity mode. Each transition of TLS is accompanied by the absorption or emission of lll photons from the cavity mode. In this model, the coupling constants of rotating and counterrotating wave terms are independent. Therefore, we utilize this interesting property to investigate the role of counterrotating wave terms and find that the higher the proportion of counterrotating wave terms, the higher the average power. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling strength from the weak to the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regime. In the deep strong regime, the anti-Tavis-Cummings (ATC) coupling can almost achieve the optimal energy storage in a short time, which can be used to realize the feasibility of QB. Furthermore, we also analyze the effects of multiphoton interaction and single-multiphoton mixing process on the battery performances.
Quantum information theorems state that it is possible to exploit collective quantum resources to greatly enhance the charging power of quantum batteries (QBs) made of many identical elementary units. We here present and solve a model of a QB that can be engineered in solid-state architectures. It consists of N two-level systems coupled to a single photonic mode in a cavity. We contrast this collective model ("Dicke QB"), whereby entanglement is genuinely created by the common photonic mode, to the one in which each two-level system is coupled to its own separate cavity mode ("Rabi QB"). By employing exact diagonalization, we demonstrate the emergence of a quantum advantage in the charging power of Dicke QBs, which scales like sqrt[N] for N≫1.
The Dicke model is a fundamental model in quantum optics, which describes the interaction between quantum cavity field and a large ensemble of two-level atoms. In this work, we propose an efficient charging quantum battery achieved by considering an extension Dicke model with dipole-dipole interaction and an external driving field. We focus on the influence of the atomic interaction and the driving field on the performance of the quantum battery during the charging process and find that the maximum stored energy exhibits a critical phenomenon. The maximum stored energy and maximum charging power are investigated by varying the number of atoms. When the coupling between atoms and cavity is not very strong, compared to the Dicke quantum battery, such quantum battery can achieve more stable and faster charging. In addition, the maximum charging power approximately satisfies a superlinear scaling relation P_{max}∝βN^{α}, where the quantum advantage α=1.6 can be reached via optimizing the parameters.
Quantum batteries are energy-storing devices, governed by quantum mechanics, that promise high charging performance thanks to collective effects. Because of its experimental feasibility, the Dicke battery-which comprises N two-level systems coupled to a common photon mode-is one of the most promising designs for quantum batteries. However, the chaotic nature of the model severely hinders the extractable energy (ergotropy). Here, we use reinforcement learning to optimize the charging process of a Dicke battery either by modulating the coupling strength, or the system-cavity detuning. We find that the ergotropy and quantum mechanical energy fluctuations (charging precision) can be greatly improved with respect to standard charging strategies by countering the detrimental effect of quantum chaos. Notably, the collective speedup of the charging time can be preserved even when nearly fully charging the battery.
We investigate the charging process of quantum battery (QB) systems in an extended Dicke model with both atomic interactions and an external driving field. We focus on the effects of the atomic interaction and the external driving field on the charging performance of the QB and find that the maximum stored energy of the QB has a critical phenomenon. We analyze the critical behavior and obtain the analytical expression of the critical atomic interaction. The dependence of the maximum stored energy, the energy quantum fluctuations, and the maximum charging power on the number NNN of the two-level systems are also discussed. In particular, for the maximum charging power, we obtain the quantum advantage of the QB, which approximately satisfies a superlinear scaling relation ${P}_{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, where scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ varies with the number NNN of the two-level systems. In the ultrastrong coupling regime, the atomic interaction can lead to faster battery charging, and the quantum advantage $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.88$ can be achieved. While in the deep-strong coupling regime, the quantum advantage of the QB's maximum charging power is the same as that of the Dicke QB, i.e., $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.5$.
We investigate a series of two-mode quantum batteries (QBs) which exhibits better performance in both the stored energy and average charging power compared to the two-photon case. In both the model related to coupling strength and Raman cases, we find the QBs can store energy faster and have a higher efficiency than the original case. Among the derived models we have studied, the two-mode Raman QB dependent on coupling strength has the best performance. We also present the relationship between the ergotropy and battery-charger entanglement of incoherent QBs and define the resource utilization efficiency k(t)k(t)k(t) and kins(t){k}^{\mathrm{ins}}(t)kins(t). We find that entanglement in the energy-extraction stage is a key resource. In addition, we consider a collection of two-level systems embedded in a two-mode microwave cavity with counterrotating terms, which shows that the counterrotating terms lead to a higher stored energy in the ultrastrong-coupling regime.