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Physical Review A

Deep strong charging in a multiphoton anisotropic Dicke quantum battery

Lu Wang, Shu-Qian Liu, Feng-Lin Wu, Hao Fan, S.Y. Liu

Published Oct 16, 2024• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the performances of multiphoton anisotropic Dicke quantum battery (QB), which couples a finite number $N$ of identical and independent two-level systems (TLSs) to a unique cavity mode. Each transition of TLS is accompanied by the absorption or emission of $l$ photons from the cavity mode. In this model, the coupling constants of rotating and counterrotating wave terms are independent. Therefore, we utilize this interesting property to investigate the role of counterrotating wave terms and find that the higher the proportion of counterrotating wave terms, the higher the average power. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling strength from the weak to the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regime. In the deep strong regime, the anti-Tavis-Cummings (ATC) coupling can almost achieve the optimal energy storage in a short time, which can be used to realize the feasibility of QB. Furthermore, we also analyze the effects of multiphoton interaction and single-multiphoton mixing process on the battery performances.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.042419

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We investigate the performances of multiphoton anisotropic Dicke quantum battery (QB), which couples a finite number NNN of identical and independent two-level systems (TLSs) to a unique cavity mode. Each transition of TLS is accompanied by the absorption or emission of lll photons from the cavity mode. In this model, the coupling constants of rotating and counterrotating wave terms are independent. Therefore, we utilize this interesting property to investigate the role of counterrotating wave terms and find that the higher the proportion of counterrotating wave terms, the higher the average power. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling strength from the weak to the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regime. In the deep strong regime, the anti-Tavis-Cummings (ATC) coupling can almost achieve the optimal energy storage in a short time, which can be used to realize the feasibility of QB. Furthermore, we also analyze the effects of multiphoton interaction and single-multiphoton mixing process on the battery performances.
We consider a collection of two level systems, such as qubits, embedded into a microwave cavity as a promising candidate for the realization of high power quantum batteries. In this perspective, the possibility to design devices where the conventional single-photon coupling is suppressed and the dominant interaction is mediated by two-photon processes is investigated, opening the way to an even further enhancement of the charging performance. By solving a Dicke model with both single- and two-photon coupling we determine the range of parameters where the latter unconventional interaction dominates the dynamics of the system leading to better performances both in the charging times and average charging power of the QB compared to the single-photon case. In addition, the scaling of the maximum stored energy, fluctuations and charging power with the finite number of qubits NNN is inspected. While the energy and fluctuations scale linearly with NNN, the quadratic growth of the average power leads to a relevant improvement of the charging performance of quantum batteries based on this scheme with respect to the purely single-photon coupling case. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling from the weak to the ultra-strong regime.
We investigate a series of two-mode quantum batteries (QBs) which exhibits better performance in both the stored energy and average charging power compared to the two-photon case. In both the model related to coupling strength and Raman cases, we find the QBs can store energy faster and have a higher efficiency than the original case. Among the derived models we have studied, the two-mode Raman QB dependent on coupling strength has the best performance. We also present the relationship between the ergotropy and battery-charger entanglement of incoherent QBs and define the resource utilization efficiency k(t)k(t)k(t) and kins(t){k}^{\mathrm{ins}}(t)kins(t). We find that entanglement in the energy-extraction stage is a key resource. In addition, we consider a collection of two-level systems embedded in a two-mode microwave cavity with counterrotating terms, which shows that the counterrotating terms lead to a higher stored energy in the ultrastrong-coupling regime.
We investigate the charging process of quantum battery (QB) systems in an extended Dicke model with both atomic interactions and an external driving field. We focus on the effects of the atomic interaction and the external driving field on the charging performance of the QB and find that the maximum stored energy of the QB has a critical phenomenon. We analyze the critical behavior and obtain the analytical expression of the critical atomic interaction. The dependence of the maximum stored energy, the energy quantum fluctuations, and the maximum charging power on the number NNN of the two-level systems are also discussed. In particular, for the maximum charging power, we obtain the quantum advantage of the QB, which approximately satisfies a superlinear scaling relation ${P}_{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, where scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ varies with the number NNN of the two-level systems. In the ultrastrong coupling regime, the atomic interaction can lead to faster battery charging, and the quantum advantage $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.88$ can be achieved. While in the deep-strong coupling regime, the quantum advantage of the QB's maximum charging power is the same as that of the Dicke QB, i.e., $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.5$.
Phase transitions (PTs) in quantum many-body systems offer a powerful route to manipulate the performance of quantum batteries (QBs). Here, we investigate an anisotropic Dicke QB with Kerr nonlinearity, focusing on the role of PTs in the charging process of the QB system. By analyzing how the Kerr nonlinearity reshapes the cavity level-spacing structure, we find that multiple near-degeneracies emerge at specific nonlinearity strengths. Away from the region of multiple near-degeneracies, the stable stored energy is governed primarily by the ergodic-nonergodic transition (ENET), whereas within this region it is controlled by first- and second-order dissipative phase transitions (DPTs). We employ Liouvillian spectral theory to quantify the critical slowing down associated with the DPTs, and use the Wigner function to characterize the properties of the cavity field in the vicinity of criticality. We optimize the charging process via reinforcement learning (RL) and reveal the physical mechanism underlying performance enhancement from the perspective of ergodic and nonergodic phase dynamics. Our results offer a feasible pathway for manipulating and optimizing quantum battery performance based on intrinsic PT behaviors.
We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the charging power in a Dicke quantum battery which consists of an array of N two-level systems (TLS)coupled to a single mode of cavity photons. In the limit of small N , we analytically solve the time evolution for the full charging process. The eigenvectors of the driving Hamiltonian are found to be pseudo-Hermite polynomials and the evolution is thus interpreted as harmonic oscillator like behaviour. Then we demonstrate the average charging power using a collective protocol is N times larger than that of the parallel protocol when transferring the same amount of energy. Unlike previous studies, we point out that such quantum advantage does not originate from entanglement but is due to the coherent cooperative interactions among the TLSs. Our results provide intuitive quantitative insight into the dynamic charging process of a Dicke battery and can be observed under realistic experimental conditions.
Nowadays, quantum batteries (QBs) have been designed to outperform their classical counterparts by leveraging quantum advantages. For instance, the charging power greatly benefits from the entanglement generation of a collective charging scheme (e.g., the Dicke QB), especially in the ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime or even larger. However, apart from the fragility of the QB under intrinsic decoherence effects, another critical drawback emerges inevitably. Specifically, the non-negligible counter-rotating (CR) term in the USC regime would induce coherence in the energy basis of QB, thus remarkably degrading the charging efficiency. To tackle these challenges, we propose a high-efficiency and noise-immune QB boosted by dynamical modulation. It is demonstrated that the time-varying modulation can effectively reduce the CR coupling, resulting in a notable improvement in charging efficiency. Particularly, for a judicious choice of modulation parameters that entirely eliminate the CR interaction, the Dicke QB can be charged optimally, resembling the behavior of the Tavis-Cummings QB. In the subsequent storage process, beyond the natural robustness to pure dephasing noise, our scenario is also highly resilient to the dissipation noise and thus can achieve perfect energy storage by effective bath engineering. While feasible with current experimental platforms, our proposal offers a solid foundation for the implementation of a powerful QB and may drastically promote the development of energy storage and delivery techniques in the future.