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Optics Express

Free-space optical multiplexing scheme based on acousto-optic deflector (AOD) with orbital angular momentum

Zhichuan Liao, Qian Sun, Yu Zhen Hu, Nan Jiang

Published May 15, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Free-space optical multiplexing is essential for multimode quantum repeater, which plays a central role in quantum information processing and communication. Regarding spatial degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have garnered significant interest due to their capacity for encoding with infinite inherent dimensions. OAM qubits and optical paths multiplexing have been separately implemented in previous work, the achieved number of multiplexed modes implemented is on the order of hundreds. We propose to directly enhance free-space optical propagation mode by combining optical paths multiplexing based on acoustic-optic deflectors (AODs) with OAM modes. The experiment verified that OAM still maintains high efficiency and considerable 0.5 dB bandwidth after AODs modulation. This scheme at least offers one order of magnitude more mode numbers than previous works and is expected to achieve higher mode numbers in quantum memory using more practical methods.

DOI
10.1364/oe.547165

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Free-space optical multiplexing is essential for multimode quantum repeater, which plays a central role in quantum information processing and communication. Regarding spatial degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have garnered significant interest due to their capacity for encoding with infinite inherent dimensions. OAM qubits and optical paths multiplexing have been separately implemented in previous work, the achieved number of multiplexed modes implemented is on the order of hundreds. We propose to directly enhance free-space optical propagation mode by combining optical paths multiplexing based on acoustic-optic deflectors (AODs) with OAM modes. The experiment verified that OAM still maintains high efficiency and considerable 0.5 dB bandwidth after AODs modulation. This scheme at least offers one order of magnitude more mode numbers than previous works and is expected to achieve higher mode numbers in quantum memory using more practical methods.
Recently,the free space optical communication system based on orbital angular momentum( OAM) states multiplexing has become one of the hot topics in optical communications and quantum optics,because OAM states are new dimensional information carriers. An efficient orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed free-space optical communication scheme is proposed,where the efficient orbital angular momentum states separation method is adopted. With this OAM separation method,different orbital angular momentum states can be obtained simultaneously from the superposition OAM state beam,which greatly saves time and the expensive devices for demodulating the information from the information-carrying OAM states. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce time and the number of the devices at the receiver for the information retrieving. The bit error rate of the system can be less than 10- 4when the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is greater than 23 dB. Therefore,this OAMmultiplexed free-space optical communications scheme is proved to be feasible.
Abstract Quantum memory plays a pivotal role in the construction of quantum repeaters, which are essential devices for establishing long-distance quantum communications and large-scale quantum networks. To boost information capacity and signal processing speed, the implementation of high-efficiency multiplexed quantum memories is essential for the development of multiplexed quantum repeaters. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an efficient multiplexed quantum memory by consolidating photons carrying high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) state from 4 individual channels into an elongated cold 87Rb atomic ensemble. Benefiting from the cold atomic ensemble with high optical depth, we obtain a storage efficiency exceeding 70% for the 4-channel multiplexed beam. The storage fidelities surpass 83% when all channels are operated in a 4-dimensional Hilbert space, which is far above the classical benchmark and validates the quantum functionality of our memory system. The achieved high-efficiency OAM multiplexed quantum memory opens up an avenue for efficient quantum information processing over multiple parallel channels, promising significant advances in the field of quantum communication and networking.
Quantum memory plays a pivotal role in the construction of quantum repeaters, which are essential devices for establishing long-distance quantum communications and large-scale quantum networks. To boost information capacity and signal processing speed, the implementation of high-efficiency multiplexed quantum memories is essential for the development of multiplexed quantum repeaters. We experimentally demonstrate an efficient multiplexed quantum memory by consolidating photons carrying high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) states from four individual channels into an elongated cold Rb87 atomic ensemble. Benefiting from the cold atomic ensemble with high optical depth, we obtain a storage efficiency exceeding 70% for the four-channel multiplexed beam. The storage fidelities surpass 83% when all channels are operated in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, which is far above the classical benchmark and validates the quantum functionality of our memory system. The achieved high-efficiency OAM multiplexed quantum memory opens up an avenue for efficient quantum information processing over multiple parallel channels, promising significant advances in the field of quantum communication and networking.
We experimentally demonstrate spatial multiplexing of an orbital angular momentum (OAM)-encoded quantum channel and a classical Gaussian beam with a different wavelength and orthogonal polarization. Data rates as large as 100 MHz are achieved by encoding on two different OAM states by employing a combination of independently modulated laser diodes and helical phase holograms. The influence of OAM mode spacing, encoding bandwidth, and interference from the co-propagating Gaussian beam on registered photon count rates and quantum bit error rates is investigated. Our results show that the deleterious effects of intermodal crosstalk effects on system performance become less important for OAM mode spacing Δ≥2 (corresponding to a crosstalk value of less than -18.5 dB). The use of OAM domain can additionally offer at least 10.4 dB isolation besides that provided by wavelength and polarization, leading to a further suppression of interference from the classical channel.
High-performance multiplexed quantum storage can reduce the number of storage units required for quantum communication and enhance quantum information processing. In this paper, we demonstrate the storage of orbital angular momentum (OAM)-multiplexed beams in rubidium vapor and retrieve the optical modes using an OAM mode splitter that integrates a Sagnac loop with two Dove prisms. We verified the feasibility of the experimental setup using a single OAM mode and found that OAM modes with different orders can be separated into distinct paths through the OAM mode splitter after storage, achieving a mode extinction ratio of over 85% at a storage duration of 500 ns. Furthermore, we achieved storing a multiplexed beam containing two OAM modes and demonstrating the effectiveness of this system for extracting multiplexed beams. We believe that the proposed scheme has the potential to advance the development of multimode quantum storage devices.
Quantum teleportation is one of the most essential protocol in quantum information. In addition to increasing the scale of teleportation distance, improving its information transmission capacity is also vital importance for its practical applications. Recently, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted wide attention as an important degree of freedom for realizing multiplexing to increase information transmission capacity. Here we show that by utilizing the OAM multiplexed continuous variable entanglement, 9 OAM multiplexed channels of parallel all-optical quantum teleportation can be deterministically established in experiment. More importantly, our parallel all-optical quantum teleportation scheme can teleport OAM-superposition-mode coded coherent state, which demonstrates the teleportation of more than one optical mode with fidelity beating the classical limit and thus ensures the increase of information transmission capacity. Our results open the avenue for deterministically implementing parallel quantum communication protocols and provide a promising paradigm for constructing high-capacity all-optical quantum communication networks.