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IEEE Silicon Photonics Conference (SiPhotonics)

On-chip entangled photon-pair generator on the SOI platform

David E. Medina-Quiroz, Paul J. Robin, Romain Dalidet, Laurent Labonté, Sébastien Tanzilli, Laurent Vivien, Carlos Alonso‐Ramos, Éric Cassan

Published Apr 14, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work reports recent progress in developing silicon photonic circuits for on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photon pairs. We successfully integrated three essential functions— photon-pair source, pump filtering, and demultiplexing—into a single silicon chip. Key performance results include a high-quality resonator (Q-factor > 100,000), pump rejection over 80 dB, and efficient signal-idler separation with minimal crosstalk (better than 40 dB). These advancements pave the way for high-brightness photon-pair generation and manipulation, beneficial for quantum applications.

DOI
10.1109/siphotonics64386.2025.10984967

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This work reports recent progress in developing silicon photonic circuits for on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photon pairs. We successfully integrated three essential functions— photon-pair source, pump filtering, and demultiplexing—into a single silicon chip. Key performance results include a high-quality resonator (Q-factor > 100,000), pump rejection over 80 dB, and efficient signal-idler separation with minimal crosstalk (better than 40 dB). These advancements pave the way for high-brightness photon-pair generation and manipulation, beneficial for quantum applications.
Considerable research work is being devoted to the integration of quantum optical components on a silicon chip [1]. Many results have been achieved on the generation of quantum states of light in silicon photonic devices, but all the sources demonstrated so far need off-chip filtering stages to clean the generated photons before detection. This necessity for off-chip components hinders usability in a completely integrated platform. In this work [2] we demonstrate for the first time on-chip generation of photon pairs via a silicon microring resonator fully integrated with spectral filters for the pump on the same chip. The sample, shown in Fig. 1 a, is a reconfigurable silicon photonic integrated circuit based on Bragg reflectors and tunable ring resonators. The combination of these devices results in pump rejection by more than 95 dB in a single chip, reducing the pump intensity to less than the flux of the photon pairs generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (Fig 1 b).
Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.
Abstract The fruitful association of quantum and integrated photonics holds the promise to produce, manipulate, and detect quantum states of light using compact and scalable systems. Integrating all the building blocks necessary to produce high-quality photonic entanglement in the telecom-wavelength range out of a single chip remains a major challenge, mainly due to the limited performance of on-chip light rejection filters. We report a stand-alone, telecom-compliant device that integrates, on a single substrate, a nonlinear photon-pair generator and a passive pump-rejection filter. Using standard channel-grid fiber demultiplexers, we demonstrate the first entanglement qualification of such an integrated circuit, showing the highest raw quantum interference visibility for time-energy entangled photons over two telecom-wavelength bands. Genuinely pure, maximally entangled states can therefore be generated thanks to the high-level of noise suppression obtained with the pump filter. These results will certainly further promote the development of more advanced and scalable photonic-integrated quantum systems compliant with telecommunication standards.
Integrated quantum photonic circuits are a key enabling technology for the scalability of quantum information systems. Among the available platforms, silicon photonics offers an unrivalled capability for the large-scale integration of photonic components within compact footprints. However, the strong index contrast that enables ultra-compact silicon devices also makes them highly sensitive to fabrication imperfections. As circuit complexity increases, active tuning is generally required to maintain spectral alignment among the different components, leading to significant power consumption that ultimately limit scalability. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated silicon quantum photon-pair source operating without active tuning of any component. The circuit combines photon-pair generation in a micro-ring resonator, pump rejection using Bragg filters, and signal/idler demultiplexing through modal add-drop filters with building blocks engineered to minimize sensitivity to fabrication variations. The resulting circuit achieves excellent experimental quantum performance. Coincidence rates up to 4000 counts s^-1 with coincidence-to-accidental ratios as high as 100 are obtained across the generated spectrum, while separate two-photon interference measurements yield raw visibilities exceeding 93% for individually selected ITU wavelength-channel pairs. By eliminating the need for active spectral tuning while maintaining high quantum performance, this work addresses a major bottleneck in the scaling of complex silicon quantum photonic circuits.
Abstract Entanglement is a counterintuitive feature of quantum physics that is at the heart of quantum technology. High-dimensional quantum states offer unique advantages in various quantum information tasks. Integrated photonic chips have recently emerged as a leading platform for the generation, manipulation and detection of entangled photons. Here, we report a silicon photonic chip that uses interferometric resonance-enhanced photon-pair sources, spectral demultiplexers and high-dimensional reconfigurable circuitries to generate, manipulate and analyse path-entangled three-dimensional qutrit states. By minimizing on-chip electrical and thermal cross-talk, we obtain high-quality quantum interference with visibilities above 96.5% and a maximally entangled-qutrit state with a fidelity of 95.5%. We further explore the fundamental properties of entangled qutrits to test quantum nonlocality and contextuality, and to implement quantum simulations of graphs and high-precision optical phase measurements. Our work paves the path for the development of multiphoton high-dimensional quantum technologies.
The combination of quantum optics and integrated photonics gives the ability of manipulating, generating, and detecting various quantum states on single chips. One of the major challenge is the on-chip rejection of the pump which contaminate the quantum pair generated by non-linear process. We demonstrated the integration on a single silicon chip a photon-pair generator. The production simultaneously of multiplexed pairs with near-perfect quality was achieved using a ring resonator cavity and a cascaded multimode filter. This new type pump-rejection filter shows a large pump suppression (> 60dB) without any active tuning. All wavelengths are compatible with the ITU channels and with telecom components.