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Physical Review A

Magnon squeezing induced by virtual photons in a magnon-cavity-qubit system

Ai-Bo Xia, Jing Cheng, Ding-Li Tian, Cheng-Jun Han, Yi‐Ping Wang

Published May 8, 2025• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The squeezed state of a magnon has garnered widespread attention due to its distinct properties and potential applications. Although preliminary experimental verification has been achieved, numerous technical and theoretical challenges persist. Here, we investigate the nonlinear coupling within the magnon-cavity-qubit system and propose an innovative method for achieving magnon squeezing. By employing virtual photons as a mediator for magnon-qubit interactions and optimizing system parameters, we induce nonlinear coupling. This approach not only enhances the interaction strength between magnons and qubits but also opens up an alternative pathway for achieving magnon squeezing. Our findings significantly enrich the fields of quantum physics and magnetism by providing a method for magnon squeezing, thereby laying a solid foundation for future advancements and applications in quantum technology.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.053707

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The squeezed state of a magnon has garnered widespread attention due to its distinct properties and potential applications. Although preliminary experimental verification has been achieved, numerous technical and theoretical challenges persist. Here, we investigate the nonlinear coupling within the magnon-cavity-qubit system and propose an innovative method for achieving magnon squeezing. By employing virtual photons as a mediator for magnon-qubit interactions and optimizing system parameters, we induce nonlinear coupling. This approach not only enhances the interaction strength between magnons and qubits but also opens up an alternative pathway for achieving magnon squeezing. Our findings significantly enrich the fields of quantum physics and magnetism by providing a method for magnon squeezing, thereby laying a solid foundation for future advancements and applications in quantum technology.
We propose a scheme for preparing magnon squeezed states in a hybrid cavity-magnon-qubit system. The system consists of a microwave cavity that simultaneously couples to a magnon mode of a macroscopic yttrium-iron-garnet sphere via the magnetic-dipole interaction and to a transmon-type superconducting qubit via the electric-dipole interaction. By far detuning from the magnon-qubit system, the microwave cavity is adiabatically eliminated. The magnon mode and the qubit then get effectively coupled via the mediation of virtual photons of the microwave cavity. We show that by driving the qubit with two microwave fields and by appropriately choosing the drive frequencies and strengths, magnonic parametric amplification can be realized, which leads to magnon quadrature squeezing with the noise below vacuum fluctuation. We provide optimal conditions for achieving magnon squeezing, and moderate squeezing can be obtained using currently available parameters. The generated squeezed states are of a magnon mode involving more than 1018{10}^{18}1018 spins and thus macroscopic quantum states. This work may find promising applications in quantum information processing and high-precision measurements based on magnons and in the study of macroscopic quantum states.
Abstract Based on the magnon Kerr effect, we show how to generate quantum squeezed states of magnons and photons in the cavity–magnon hybrid system. We find that the squeezing of magnons can be successfully induced by the magnon nonlinearity and the larger two-magnon effect strength will be beneficial to achieving the stronger squeezing of magnon. Resorting to the beam-splitter interaction between the magnons and photons, we further show that the squeezing of photons can be also effectively achieved. By properly choosing the system parameters, we demonstrate that the desired direction of the generated squeezing both for magnons and photons can be flexibly switched between orthogonal directions. Our scheme provides an alternative manipulation method to explore the quantum phenomena with nonlinear effects and also has significant potential applications in quantum precision measurement.
We investigate the generation of entanglement in a cavity magnomechanical system, which consists of magnons and cavity microwave photons and phonons; the magnon–photon and magnon–phonon couplings are achieved by the magnetic dipole interaction and the magnetostrictive interaction, respectively. By introducing magnon squeezing induced by magnon self-Kerr nonlinearity, the magnon–photon, magnon–phonon, and photon–phonon entanglements are enhanced compared with the case without inserting magnon squeezing. We find that an optimal parameter of the squeezing exists, which yields the maximum entanglement. This study provides a new idea for exploring the properties of quantum entanglement in cavity magnomechanical systems, and may have some potential applications in quantum state engineering.
Multipartite coherent interactions among distinct quantum systems are essential for quantum information and simulation but typically suffer from weak coupling. Here, we propose a scheme to realize photon-magnon-atom tripartite interactions and enhance their coupling strength via quantum squeezing. By applying a parametric drive to the microwave cavity and incorporating magnon Kerr nonlinearity, we induce squeezing of both photons and magnons, which boosts the effective coupling. Remarkably, strongly correlated photon-magnon bundle emission can be realized even under weak driving and weak intrinsic coupling conditions, with both the statistical properties and emission rate tunable via the squeezing strength. This scheme may offer promising applications in quantum information processing and quantum sensing technologies.
We demonstrate how magnon Kerr nonlinearity creates bistability of quantum states when the magnon mode is strongly driven by a microwave field in a nonlinear cavity magnonic system.Numerical simulation results with experimentally feasible parameters show that the method where the system is driven far from equilibrium is a reliable way to achieve squeezed states for magnons and photons and to carry out magnon-photon entanglement, revealing mysterious phenomena of bistability.In addition, the Kittel mode can jump from one state to another one near two switching points, thus achieving the hysteresis loop phenomenon.Our results indicate that bistable quantum states could provide a way to study macroscopic quantum bistable phenomena in nonlinear systems and also can be found in broad applications in magnetic spintronics.
Squeezed states, crucial for quantum metrology and emerging quantum technologies, have been demonstrated in various platforms, but quantum squeezing of magnons in macroscopic spin systems remains elusive. Here we report the experimental observation of quantum-level magnon squeezing in a millimeter-scale yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. By engineering a strong dispersive magnon-superconducting qubit coupling via a microwave cavity, we implement a significant self-Kerr nonlinearity to generate squeezed magnon states with their mean magnon number less than one. Harnessing a magnon-assisted Raman process, we perform Wigner tomography, revealing quadrature variances of ∼ ⁣0.8\sim\!0.8∼0.8 (∼ ⁣1.0\sim\!1.0∼1.0~dB squeezing) relative to the vacuum. These results lay the groundwork for quantum nonlinear magnonics and promise potential applications in quantum metrology.