Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Resonance Fluorescence in a Three-Level Superconducting System with Resonant Bichromatic Pumping of Transitions

S. A. Gunin, Andrei Vladimirovich Vasenin, V. V. Voskresenskii, A. Yu. Dmitriev, Daria A. Kalacheva, Ya. T. Shneidman, T. R. Sabirov, Gleb Fedorov, O. V. Astafiev

Published Mar 1, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, inelastic scattering of bichromatic waves on a three-level superconducting system with successive relaxation of levels, which is strongly coupled to a waveguide serving as an open space, is experimentally studied. The first-order time-resolved correlation functions of the scattered electromagnetic field are obtained. It is shown that the scattered field is optically coherent, and the distribution of the spectral power density of inelastically scattered photons has a multiplet structure with respect to the amplitude of the excitation field. The obtained dependences are successfully described by standard methods of the theory of open quantum systems.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364025600181

Related papers

Cross-Correlations in the Process of Inelastic Scattering of Bichromatic Light on a Ξ System

Ya. T. Shneidman, S. A. Gunin, A. Yu. Dmitriev +2 more

We address the contributions of cross-correlation functions to the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level Ξ-system subjected to resonant bichromatic excitation. These contributions involve the sequential emission of two photons from each of the excited transitions. The cross-correlation functions demonstrate mutual coherence of the emitted frequency separated fields. The contribution to the scattered radiation in the presence of non-stationary processes is also considered. It is shown that the processes contributing to the cross-correlation determine the photon bunching for both excited transitions.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Nov 1, 2025•0 citations

Resonance fluorescence spectra from a three-level atom interacting with a strong bichromatic field

M. P. Sharma, Antonio Guillermo Jose Balbin Villaverde, Constantine Mavroyannis

We have studied the fluorescence spectra arising from the interaction of a three-level atom with two strong electromagnetic fields whose initially populated modes are equal to the two atomic transition frequencies, respectively. The Green's function formalism has been used to calculate the excitation spectrum of the system. An expression for the spectral function describing the excitation spectrum of the system has been derived in a closed form in the limit of high photon densities. Numerical computation of the expression for the spectral function indicates that at each transition frequency there may exist either one pair or two pairs or three pairs of sidebands, in addition to the central peak, depending upon the relative strength of the Rabi frequencies involved.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Nov 1, 1980•13 citations

Evolution of Propagating Coherent Pulses Driving a Single Superconducting Artificial Atom

Andrei Vladimirovich Vasenin, Shamil Kadyrmetov, Aleksey N. Bolgar +2 more

An electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide with a strongly coupled two-level superconducting artificial atom exhibits an evolving superposition with the atom. The Rabi oscillations in the atom result from a single excitation-relaxation, corresponding to photon absorption and stimulated emission from and to the field. In this study, we experimentally investigated the time-dependent behavior of the field transmitted through a waveguide with a strongly coupled transmon. The scattered fields agree well with the predictions of the input-output theory. We demonstrate that the time evolution of the propagating fields, because of the interaction, encapsulates all information about the atom. Furthermore, we deduced the dynamics of the incoherent radiation component from the first-order correlation function of the measured field.

arXiv:2309.01563•Physical Review Letters•Aug 14, 2024•2 citations

Resonance Fluorescence of a Single Artificial Atom

O. V. Astafiev, Alexandre M. Zagoskin, A. A. Abdumalikov +5 more

An atom in open space can be detected by means of resonant absorption and reemission of electromagnetic waves, known as resonance fluorescence, which is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum optics. We report on the observation of scattering of propagating waves by a single artificial atom. The behavior of the artificial atom, a superconducting macroscopic two-level system, is in a quantitative agreement with the predictions of quantum optics for a pointlike scatterer interacting with the electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open space. The strong atom-field interaction as revealed in a high degree of extinction of propagating waves will allow applications of controllable artificial atoms in quantum optics and photonics.

arXiv:1002.4944•Science•Feb 11, 2010•690 citations

Scattering of few photons by a ladder-type quantum system

Yu Pan, Guofeng Zhang

Abstract We consider the inelastic scattering of few photons by a ladder-type quantum system residing in a semi-infinite waveguide. Two scenarios, namely 2-photon scattering and 3-photon scattering, are investigated. The single photons are described by continuous temporal pulse functions, according to which the exact forms of the stationary output field states can be derived. Based on the exact analysis of the nonlinear dynamics, the spectral entanglement among the output photons mediated by the ladder-type quantum system is simulated. In the 2-photon scattering case, strong correlation between the output photons can be observed if each input photon is in resonance with a transition frequency of the system. In particular, there exists a weak two-photon process for the non-resonance case, where two input photons can couple to the transition between the first and third levels of the system if a two-photon resonance condition is satisfied. In the 3-photon scattering case, the presence of an ancillary photon could significantly influence the correlation pattern. There exist two nonlinear terms, one is for 2-photon inelastic scattering and the other for 3-photon inelastic scattering, in the 3-photon output state. As a result, both two-photon and three-photon processes can be observed in the pattern of spectral entanglement.

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Jul 6, 2017•6 citations

Spontaneous emission of a three-level artificial atom in a one-dimensional open waveguide

O. A. Chuikin, Ya. S. Greenberg, O. V. Kibis

We study the dynamical and spectral characteristics of a quantum three-level ladder system, interacting with a continuous electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open waveguide. Common realization of such systems is a waveguide QED setup - a superconducting artificial atom (transmon), coupled to an open microwave transmission line. We derive an analytical solution for spontaneous emission of initially excited atom, and use it to study the probability of state detection and spectral density of output photon states. We find that for strong coupling of transmon to a waveguide emitted photons show correlation in frequency and can have the same energies, even if the three-level system is anharmonic.

quant-pharXiv:2511.06291•Physica Scripta•Nov 11, 2025•0 citations
In this work, inelastic scattering of bichromatic waves on a three-level superconducting system with successive relaxation of levels, which is strongly coupled to a waveguide serving as an open space, is experimentally studied. The first-order time-resolved correlation functions of the scattered electromagnetic field are obtained. It is shown that the scattered field is optically coherent, and the distribution of the spectral power density of inelastically scattered photons has a multiplet structure with respect to the amplitude of the excitation field. The obtained dependences are successfully described by standard methods of the theory of open quantum systems.
We address the contributions of cross-correlation functions to the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level Ξ-system subjected to resonant bichromatic excitation. These contributions involve the sequential emission of two photons from each of the excited transitions. The cross-correlation functions demonstrate mutual coherence of the emitted frequency separated fields. The contribution to the scattered radiation in the presence of non-stationary processes is also considered. It is shown that the processes contributing to the cross-correlation determine the photon bunching for both excited transitions.
We have studied the fluorescence spectra arising from the interaction of a three-level atom with two strong electromagnetic fields whose initially populated modes are equal to the two atomic transition frequencies, respectively. The Green's function formalism has been used to calculate the excitation spectrum of the system. An expression for the spectral function describing the excitation spectrum of the system has been derived in a closed form in the limit of high photon densities. Numerical computation of the expression for the spectral function indicates that at each transition frequency there may exist either one pair or two pairs or three pairs of sidebands, in addition to the central peak, depending upon the relative strength of the Rabi frequencies involved.
An electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide with a strongly coupled two-level superconducting artificial atom exhibits an evolving superposition with the atom. The Rabi oscillations in the atom result from a single excitation-relaxation, corresponding to photon absorption and stimulated emission from and to the field. In this study, we experimentally investigated the time-dependent behavior of the field transmitted through a waveguide with a strongly coupled transmon. The scattered fields agree well with the predictions of the input-output theory. We demonstrate that the time evolution of the propagating fields, because of the interaction, encapsulates all information about the atom. Furthermore, we deduced the dynamics of the incoherent radiation component from the first-order correlation function of the measured field.
An atom in open space can be detected by means of resonant absorption and reemission of electromagnetic waves, known as resonance fluorescence, which is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum optics. We report on the observation of scattering of propagating waves by a single artificial atom. The behavior of the artificial atom, a superconducting macroscopic two-level system, is in a quantitative agreement with the predictions of quantum optics for a pointlike scatterer interacting with the electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open space. The strong atom-field interaction as revealed in a high degree of extinction of propagating waves will allow applications of controllable artificial atoms in quantum optics and photonics.
Abstract We consider the inelastic scattering of few photons by a ladder-type quantum system residing in a semi-infinite waveguide. Two scenarios, namely 2-photon scattering and 3-photon scattering, are investigated. The single photons are described by continuous temporal pulse functions, according to which the exact forms of the stationary output field states can be derived. Based on the exact analysis of the nonlinear dynamics, the spectral entanglement among the output photons mediated by the ladder-type quantum system is simulated. In the 2-photon scattering case, strong correlation between the output photons can be observed if each input photon is in resonance with a transition frequency of the system. In particular, there exists a weak two-photon process for the non-resonance case, where two input photons can couple to the transition between the first and third levels of the system if a two-photon resonance condition is satisfied. In the 3-photon scattering case, the presence of an ancillary photon could significantly influence the correlation pattern. There exist two nonlinear terms, one is for 2-photon inelastic scattering and the other for 3-photon inelastic scattering, in the 3-photon output state. As a result, both two-photon and three-photon processes can be observed in the pattern of spectral entanglement.
We study the dynamical and spectral characteristics of a quantum three-level ladder system, interacting with a continuous electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open waveguide. Common realization of such systems is a waveguide QED setup - a superconducting artificial atom (transmon), coupled to an open microwave transmission line. We derive an analytical solution for spontaneous emission of initially excited atom, and use it to study the probability of state detection and spectral density of output photon states. We find that for strong coupling of transmon to a waveguide emitted photons show correlation in frequency and can have the same energies, even if the three-level system is anharmonic.