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Elsevier eBooks

Quantum micro–nanodevices fabricated in diamond by femtosecond laser and ion irradiation

Yanzhao Guo, Elena Nieto Hernández, Akhil Kuriakose, Mohammad Sahnawaz Alam, Giulio Coccia, Adam Britel, Vinaya K. Kavatamane, Sajedeh Shahbazi, Selene Sachero, Diana Kafizova, Roberta Ramponi, Alex McMillan, J. Forneris, Federico Picollo, Michał Gawełczyk, Daniel Wigger, Paweł Machnikowski, John Patrick Hadden, Paul E. Barclay, Ottavia Jedrkiewicz, Alexander Kubanek, Anthony J. Bennett, P. Olivero, Shane Michael Eaton

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-443-13717-4.00004-9

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Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation (Adv. Quantum Technol. 5‐6/2019)

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Femtosecond laser writing and ion irradiation have been demonstrated as powerful fabrication tools for integrated quantum photonics in diamond in article no. 1900006. The figure depicts femtosecond laser inscription and ion beam irradiation in diamond, which can be applied separately, or potentially together, to accurately form nitrogen vacancy (NV) center defects within synthetic diamond. The nitrogen (shown as yellow sphere)–vacancy (shown as light pink sphere) color center defect in the tetrahedral lattice of carbons (shown as black spheres) has emerged as a suitable candidate for a qubit (represented by the Bloch sphere above the diamond) for quantum information and field sensing applications. In addition, the article highlights the latest results on laser and ion beam irradiation fabrication of integrated photonic and microfluidic components in diamond for interfacing with NV centers.

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Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation

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Abstract Diamond has attracted great interest as a quantum technology platform thanks to its optically active nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. The NV's ground state spin can be read out optically, exhibiting long spin coherence times of ≈1 ms even at ambient temperatures. In addition, the energy levels of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Diamond photonics enhance optical interactions with NVs, beneficial for both quantum sensing and information. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NVs. However, it remains a significant challenge to fabricate photonics, NVs, and microfluidics in diamond. In this Progress Report, an overview is provided of ion irradiation and femtosecond laser writing, two promising fabrication methods for diamond‐based quantum technological devices. The unique capabilities of both techniques are described, and the most important fabrication results of color center, optical waveguide, and microfluidics in diamond are reported, with an emphasis on integrated devices aiming toward high performance quantum sensors and quantum information systems of tomorrow.

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Construction of femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating quantum sensing devices

Ishino Masahiko, Thanhhung Dinh

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are expected to be quantum sensing devices such as magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure and so on. The generation of NV centers by irradiations of femtosecond laser pulses has been reported. Femtosecond laser can write NV centers in diamond directly and this direct writing can realize a flexible spatial arrangement of NV centers. As the application of the laser system, we have constructed the femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating the quantum sensing device, such as NV centers. The femtosecond laser pulse is focused on a sample surface by an objective lens and laser pulse intensity is controlled by attenuators. By use of this irradiation apparatus, we have irradiated diamond samples to create NV centers. We could confirm several graphitization spots, but the signal intensity from NV center did not exist. To use the irradiation platform for creating NV centers in diamond, it needs some improvement, more increasing the repetition rate of irradiation laser and/or impurity nitrogen density in diamond sample.

•Jul 24, 2024•0 citations
Femtosecond laser writing and ion irradiation have been demonstrated as powerful fabrication tools for integrated quantum photonics in diamond in article no. 1900006. The figure depicts femtosecond laser inscription and ion beam irradiation in diamond, which can be applied separately, or potentially together, to accurately form nitrogen vacancy (NV) center defects within synthetic diamond. The nitrogen (shown as yellow sphere)–vacancy (shown as light pink sphere) color center defect in the tetrahedral lattice of carbons (shown as black spheres) has emerged as a suitable candidate for a qubit (represented by the Bloch sphere above the diamond) for quantum information and field sensing applications. In addition, the article highlights the latest results on laser and ion beam irradiation fabrication of integrated photonic and microfluidic components in diamond for interfacing with NV centers.
Abstract Diamond has attracted great interest as a quantum technology platform thanks to its optically active nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. The NV's ground state spin can be read out optically, exhibiting long spin coherence times of ≈1 ms even at ambient temperatures. In addition, the energy levels of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Diamond photonics enhance optical interactions with NVs, beneficial for both quantum sensing and information. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NVs. However, it remains a significant challenge to fabricate photonics, NVs, and microfluidics in diamond. In this Progress Report, an overview is provided of ion irradiation and femtosecond laser writing, two promising fabrication methods for diamond‐based quantum technological devices. The unique capabilities of both techniques are described, and the most important fabrication results of color center, optical waveguide, and microfluidics in diamond are reported, with an emphasis on integrated devices aiming toward high performance quantum sensors and quantum information systems of tomorrow.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are expected to be quantum sensing devices such as magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure and so on. The generation of NV centers by irradiations of femtosecond laser pulses has been reported. Femtosecond laser can write NV centers in diamond directly and this direct writing can realize a flexible spatial arrangement of NV centers. As the application of the laser system, we have constructed the femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating the quantum sensing device, such as NV centers. The femtosecond laser pulse is focused on a sample surface by an objective lens and laser pulse intensity is controlled by attenuators. By use of this irradiation apparatus, we have irradiated diamond samples to create NV centers. We could confirm several graphitization spots, but the signal intensity from NV center did not exist. To use the irradiation platform for creating NV centers in diamond, it needs some improvement, more increasing the repetition rate of irradiation laser and/or impurity nitrogen density in diamond sample.