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Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing

Security Analysis and Signature Algorithm Design of Gegami’s Identity-Based Chameleon Signature Scheme under Quantum Attack Resistance

Xiong, Guoren, Li , Daofeng

Published Apr 16, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Traditional digital signatures are often publicly verifiable, and in certain applications with privacy preservation requirements, the signer does not want the sensitive information it signed to be redelivered by a dishonest verifier.Aiming at the problem that traditional chameleon signatures (CS) cannot resist quantum computer attacks, this paper proposes a lattice-based authentication CS scheme.Based on the analysis of the lattice difficulty problem and the security vulnerability of the CS scheme, it is pointed out that it does not satisfy the third-party unforgeability and the signer rejectability, and a new lattice-based identity CS scheme is established, which is verified under the stochastic predicate machine model, and the storage and transmission efficiency of the scheme is analyzed.The results show that the newly designed identity-based CS scheme on the lattice can effectively resist quantum computer attacks, can sign messages of arbitrary length, and possesses more lightweight storage and transmission efficiency.The optimized chameleon signature scheme has better security and also provides a new solution for digital signatures to resist quantum computer attacks.

DOI
10.61091/jcmcc127b-372

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Traditional digital signatures are often publicly verifiable, and in certain applications with privacy preservation requirements, the signer does not want the sensitive information it signed to be redelivered by a dishonest verifier.Aiming at the problem that traditional chameleon signatures (CS) cannot resist quantum computer attacks, this paper proposes a lattice-based authentication CS scheme.Based on the analysis of the lattice difficulty problem and the security vulnerability of the CS scheme, it is pointed out that it does not satisfy the third-party unforgeability and the signer rejectability, and a new lattice-based identity CS scheme is established, which is verified under the stochastic predicate machine model, and the storage and transmission efficiency of the scheme is analyzed.The results show that the newly designed identity-based CS scheme on the lattice can effectively resist quantum computer attacks, can sign messages of arbitrary length, and possesses more lightweight storage and transmission efficiency.The optimized chameleon signature scheme has better security and also provides a new solution for digital signatures to resist quantum computer attacks.
The security of digital signatures depends significantly on the signature key. Therefore, to reduce the impact of leaked keys upon existing signatures and subsequent ones, a digital signature scheme with strong forward security could be an effective solution. Most existing strong forward-secure digital signature schemes rely on traditional cryptosystems, which cannot effectively resist quantum attacks. By introducing lattice-based delegation technology into the key-iteration process, a two-direction and lattice-based key-iteration algorithm with strong forward security is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a unique key pair is assigned to the signer in every period. Based on the proposed algorithm, a strong forward-secure signature scheme is further put forward, which achieves resistance to quantum attacks. Performance analysis shows that under the security assumption of the SIS problem on the lattice, the proposed strong forward-secure signature scheme is existentially unforgeable under the random oracle model. Ultimately, based on the proposed strong forward-secure signature scheme, a remote identity-authentication scheme that is resistant to quantum attacks is proposed, ensuring post-quantum security in the user-authentication process.
As a standard digital signature may be verified by anybody, it is unsuitable for personal or economically sensitive applications. The chameleon signature system was presented by Krawczyk and Rabin as a solution to this problem. It is based on a hash then sign model. The chameleon hash function enables the trapdoor information holder to compute a message digest collision. The holder of a chameleon signature is the recipient of a chameleon signature. He could compute collision on the hash value using the trapdoor information. This keeps the recipient from disclosing his conviction to a third party and ensures the privacy of the signature. The majority of the extant chameleon signature methods are built on the computationally infeasible number theory problems, like integer factorization and discrete log. Unfortunately, the construction of quantum computers would be rendered insecure to those schemes. This creates a solid requirement for construct chameleon signatures for the quantum world. Hence, this paper proposes a novel quantum secure chameleon signature scheme based on hash functions. As a hash-based cryptosystem is an essential candidate of a post-quantum cryptosystem, the proposed hash-based chameleon signature scheme would be a promising alternative to the number of theoretic-based methods. Furthermore, the proposed method is key exposure-free and satisfies the security requirements such as semantic security, non-transferability, and unforgeability.
With the emergence of quantum computers, traditional digital signature schemes based on problems such as large integer solutions and discrete logarithms will no longer be secure, and it is urgent to find effective digital signature schemes that can resist quantum attacks. Lattice cryptography has the advantages of computational simplicity and high security. In this paper, we propose an identity-based digital signature scheme based on the rejection sampling algorithm. Unlike most schemes that use a common Gaussian distribution, this paper uses a bimodal Gaussian distribution, which improves efficiency. The identity-based signature scheme is more convenient for practical application than the traditional certificate-based signature scheme.
Fair exchange is essential in E-commerce, and concurrent signature realizes the fair exchange of digital signatures with removing the requirement of a trusted third party. Multi-party concurrent signature is an extension to the multi-user scenario. The security of existing multi-party concurrent signatures is mostly based on traditional hard problems that could be solved efficiently with quantum algorithms in a post-quantum world. Meanwhile, the lattice-based cryptography is considered to be resistant to quantum attack. Wang et al. proposed a lattice-based multi-party concurrent signature. We give the analysis of their proposed signature scheme and find that it is not secure since an inside adversary can forge the signature. Moreover, the initial signer can produce any signatures, instead of a signature on the original messages, if he is malicious.
Blind signatures have been widely applied when privacy preserving is required, and the delegation of blind signature rights and a proxy blind signature (Proxy-BS) become necessary when the signer cannot sign. Existing Proxy-BS schemes are based on traditional cryptographically hard problems, and they cannot resist quantum attacks. Moreover, most current Proxy-BS schemes depend on public key infrastructure (PKI), which leads to high certificate storage and management overhead. To simplify key management and resist quantum attacks, we propose a post-quantum secure identity-based proxy blind signature (ID-Proxy-BS) scheme on a lattice using a matrix cascade technique and lattice cryptosystem. Under the random oracle model (ROM), the security of the proposed scheme is proved. Security shows that the proposed scheme assures security against quantum attacks and satisfies the correctness, blindness, and unforgeability. In addition, we apply the ID-Proxy-BS scheme on a lattice to e-voting and propose a quantum-resistant proxy e-voting system, which is resistant to quantum attacks and achieves the efficiency of e-voting.
With the use of a large number of mobile devices, the problem of key leakage becomes more and more serious. In view of the excellent characteristics of lattice cipher and forward-secure digital signature scheme, the construction of identity-based forward-secure digital signature based on lattice technology has become a research hotspot. However, the identity-based forward secure digital signature scheme on the existing grid has the disadvantage of excessive signature length. This paper uses the technique (without trapdoors) of Lyubashevsky and extended Samplepre, an efficient identity-based forward secure signature scheme from lattice is proposed. Its security is based on the Small Integer Solution (SIS) difficulty assumption, and the strong non-forgery of the signature scheme is achieved. Low computing overhead; The analysis results show that, compared with the existing schemes, the key and signature are smaller in size, more efficient in computing, able to resist quantum attacks, and more practical.