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Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg

QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE NATURE OF LIFE

Richard Joseph Oldani

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We reexamine the original derivations of quantum mechanics, published 100 years ago, to test the accuracy of the formulations and the logic underlying them, and we find that attempts were not made to describe atomic processes continuously in time. To correct this omission we show that matrix mechanics clearly describes the continuous absorption of thermal energy that causes the hydrogen line spectra, where energy and cause follow the same path. When the same methods are used to inspect the emission process as determined by the wave function we find that energy and cause do not follow the same path. We conclude that failure to follow strict causality is the reason that the wave function is neither physical nor real. Energy-cause superposition is hypothesized to be a universal principle of nature, true not only for atomic systems but for material systems throughout the cosmos and for life as well. It is also equivalent to the action principle, ∫Ldt, which is fundamental to all of physics.

DOI
10.61586/jnrbx

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We reexamine the original derivations of quantum mechanics, published 100 years ago, to test the accuracy of the formulations and the logic underlying them, and we find that attempts were not made to describe atomic processes continuously in time. To correct this omission we show that matrix mechanics clearly describes the continuous absorption of thermal energy that causes the hydrogen line spectra, where energy and cause follow the same path. When the same methods are used to inspect the emission process as determined by the wave function we find that energy and cause do not follow the same path. We conclude that failure to follow strict causality is the reason that the wave function is neither physical nor real. Energy-cause superposition is hypothesized to be a universal principle of nature, true not only for atomic systems but for material systems throughout the cosmos and for life as well. It is also equivalent to the action principle, ∫Ldt, which is fundamental to all of physics.
We consider three long-standing conceptual difficulties of quantum mechanics; the time variable, the quantum-classical divide, and gravitational fields. We investigate possible solutions by extending matrix mechanics from single points in time to continuous time in order to describe the absorption energy of a quantum system. Due to the conservation of energy absorption is equal to emission, as described by wave functions; which is an illustration of the classical-quantum divide. Hamilton’s principle of least action proves to be a natural fit for describing the resulting two-part quantum system and it specifies the true paths to be the ones with action equal to ћ. Energy absorption followed by discrete, four-dimensional changes in structure and energy emission is shown to be a pattern that is repeated countless times throughout nature by phase transitions and other phenomena. Experimental evidence is cited to show that the resultant mathematical model varies consistently with changes in gravitational potential. A universal physical interpretation is proposed.
The overriding problem in theoretical physics is the inability to determine the nature of physical reality [1]. We show in the following discussion that the source of the problem lies at the very beginning of quantum mechanics a hundred years ago when its founding principles were derived. The use of mathematical equations as a substitute for physical reality caused a premature, hastily conceived disassociation from classical models. Using methods accessible to all, irrespective of educational background, we restore a connection to classical physics by demonstrating that quantum mechanics as currently interpreted violates the conservation of energy. References may be found in first year university physics textbooks or by conducting internet searches of individual terms throughout the manuscript.
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Matrix mechanics describes the spectral emissions of hydrogen gas, but quantum mechanics concerns the emission and absorption of radiation by a single atom. To obtain the spectral emissions of a single hydrogen atom we introduce thermal energy in infinitesimal increments registering the spectral lines one by one until a complete spectrum is obtained. We describe the gradual increase of the internal quantum mechanical energy by integrating between two specific endpoints, the atomic orbitals, and two specific times, the period τ, which are the conditions necessary for Hamilton’s principle. Continuous time is thereby introduced to quantum mechanics during energy absorption by means of a Lagrangian formulation using energy-time conjugate variables, independently of Hamiltonian formulations that use position-momentum conjugate variables.
Matrix mechanics describes the spectral emissions of hydrogen gas, but quantum mechanics concerns the emission and absorption of radiation by a single atom. To obtain the spectral emissions of a single hydrogen atom we introduce thermal energy in infinitesimal increments registering the spectral lines one by one until a complete spectrum is obtained. We describe the gradual increase of the internal quantum mechanical energy in a non-conservative system by integrating between two specific endpoints, the atomic orbitals, and two specific times, the period τ, which are the conditions necessary for Hamilton’s principle. Wave mechanics is shown to be limited to conservative systems. A complete quantum mechanics is formulated using energy-time conjugate variables as the time integral of a Lagrangian independently of Hamiltonian formulations that use position-momentum conjugate variables.
Quantum Mechanics is a successful model to describe physical phenomena. We show that a simple set of postulates about the description of objects in Nature allows the derivation of the principles of QM, transforming this theory into a deductive approach to Physics. The main postulate is: Objects are described as energy distributions in Space–Time. 1 Quantum Mechanics from START It is universally accepted that Quantum Mechanics is a successful model to describe physical phenomena, in particular of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. As such it has been reformulated in several different forms (see for example: Nine formulations of quantum mechanics, Daniel F. Styer et al. [15]). The aim of the present paper is to show that a simple set of postulates about the description of objects in Nature allows the derivation of the principles of QM, transforming this theory into a deductive approach to Physics. In our approach the main postulate is: Objects are described as energy distributions in Space–Time. The theory is in fact a systematic mathematical analysis of this postulate and of other general considerations about action, energy–momentum and the role of the theory as a useful description of Nature. The paper also shows the fundamental and basic status of Density Functional Theory, also contained in our approach. The initial mathematical structure is a geometric (quadratic form based) union of space, time and action. In physics bundles of trajectories are used to describe the objects of nature: distribution of heights over a surface, a real object is described as a bundle of space-time trajectories, here we use a description as a bundle of action valves in space-time (energy densities in space following light-like lines). The author is fully aware that the presentation is strongly guided by the knowledge of the usual computational approach to study atoms, molecules and condensed matter electronic structure.