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British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)

Spin-photon entanglement using an InAs/InP quantum dot emitting in the telecom C-Band

Petros Laccotripes, Tina Müller, Mark R. Stevenson, J. Skiba-Szymanska, D. A. Ritchie, Andrew J. Shields

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Efficient entanglement generation between stationary and propagating qubits is crucial for quantum communications. For the first time we demonstrate high-fidelity spin-photon entanglement, of 80.07 ± 2.9 %, in a solid-state system with direct emission in the telecom C-band.
DOI
10.1364/bicop.2024.th2a.2

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Quantum networks, relying on the distribution of quantum entanglement between remote locations, have the potential to transform quantum computation and secure long-distance quantum communication. However, a fundamental ingredient for fibre-based implementations of such networks, namely entanglement between a single spin and a photon directly emitted at telecom wavelengths, has been unattainable so far. Here, we use a negatively charged exciton in an InAs/InP quantum dot to implement an optically active spin qubit taking advantage of the lowest-loss transmission window, the telecom C-band. We investigate the coherent interactions of the spin-qubit system under resonant excitation, demonstrating high fidelity spin initialisation and coherent control using picosecond pulses. We further use these tools to measure the coherence of a single, undisturbed electron spin in our system. Finally, we demonstrate spin-photon entanglement in a solid-state system with entanglement fidelity F = 80.07 ± 2.9%, more than 10 standard deviations above the classical limit.
Multiphoton entangled states are a key resource for quantum networks and measurement-based quantum computation. Scalable protocols for generating such states using solid-state spin-photon interfaces have recently emerged, but practical implementations have so far relied on emitters operating at short wavelengths, incompatible with low-loss fibre transmission. Here, we take a key step towards the generation of telecom wavelength multi-qubit entangled states using an InAs/InP quantum dot. After establishing that all essential criteria for generating cluster states using a ground state spin as the entangler are satisfied, we implement a scalable protocol to entangle the resident spin with sequentially emitted photons directly in the telecom C-band. We demonstrate a two-qubit (spin-photon) entanglement fidelity of 59.5±8.7%59.5\pm 8.7\%59.5±8.7% and a lower bound of three-qubit (spin-photon-photon) entanglement fidelity of 52.7±11.4%52.7\pm 11.4\%52.7±11.4%. Our results close the performance gap between short-wavelength quantum dot systems and the existing telecom infrastructure, establishing a route towards practical large photonic cluster states for fibre-based quantum network applications.
Abstract A practical way to link separate nodes in quantum networks is to send photons over the standard telecom fibre network. This requires sub-Poissonian photon sources in the wavelength band around 1550 nm, with photon coherence times sufficient to enable the many interference-based technologies at the heart of quantum networks. Here, we show that droplet epitaxy InAs/InP quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band can provide photons with coherence times exceeding 1 ns under low power non-resonant excitation, and demonstrate that these coherence times enable near-optimal interference with a C-band polarisation-encoded laser qubit, with visibilities only limited by the quantum dot multiphoton emission. Using entangled photons, we further show teleportation of such qubits in six different bases with average postselected fidelity reaching 88.3 ± 4.0%. Beyond direct applications in long-distance quantum communication, the high degree of coherence in these quantum dots is promising for future spin-based telecom quantum network applications.