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Undergraduate texts in physics

Optical Sources and Detectors

David S. Simon

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-81315-3_22

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Quantum random number generators

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Random number generators include a thermal optical source and detector configured to produce random numbers based on quantum-optical intensity fluctuations. An optical flux is detected, and signals proportional to optical intensity and a delayed optical intensity are combined. The combined signals can be electrical signals or optical signals, and the optical source is selected so as to have low coherence over a predetermined range of delay times. Balanced optical detectors can be used to reduce common mode noise, and in some examples, the optical flux is directed to only one of a pair of balanced detectors.

•Jan 23, 2023•1 citation
In this paper, a more fundamental approach is used in defining optical crosstalk.This is achieved by analyzing the contributions of the non-interacting terms in the probability distribution of detection.Ideally, the detector registers the photons from the source field if and only if an interaction between the source field and the detector occurs.However, there are terms in the probability distribution that suggests that detection occur even when the detector atoms do not interact with the source photons.This is interpreted as the sources of optical crosstalk and it can be argued that these sources of optical crosstalk are due to (a) the secondary photon emission occurring in the bulk of the material which can either be coming directly from the incident photons or from the thermal excitations of the detector atoms; and (b) the interaction of the detector with the vacuum field.
Random number generators include a thermal optical source and detector configured to produce random numbers based on quantum-optical intensity fluctuations. An optical flux is detected, and signals proportional to optical intensity and a delayed optical intensity are combined. The combined signals can be electrical signals or optical signals, and the optical source is selected so as to have low coherence over a predetermined range of delay times. Balanced optical detectors can be used to reduce common mode noise, and in some examples, the optical flux is directed to only one of a pair of balanced detectors.