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International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering

Fundamental Approach in Defining Optical Crosstalk

Armien John Samson

Published Jan 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a more fundamental approach is used in defining optical crosstalk.This is achieved by analyzing the contributions of the non-interacting terms in the probability distribution of detection.Ideally, the detector registers the photons from the source field if and only if an interaction between the source field and the detector occurs.However, there are terms in the probability distribution that suggests that detection occur even when the detector atoms do not interact with the source photons.This is interpreted as the sources of optical crosstalk and it can be argued that these sources of optical crosstalk are due to (a) the secondary photon emission occurring in the bulk of the material which can either be coming directly from the incident photons or from the thermal excitations of the detector atoms; and (b) the interaction of the detector with the vacuum field.

DOI
10.18178/ijiee.2016.6.2.604

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In this paper, a more fundamental approach is used in defining optical crosstalk.This is achieved by analyzing the contributions of the non-interacting terms in the probability distribution of detection.Ideally, the detector registers the photons from the source field if and only if an interaction between the source field and the detector occurs.However, there are terms in the probability distribution that suggests that detection occur even when the detector atoms do not interact with the source photons.This is interpreted as the sources of optical crosstalk and it can be argued that these sources of optical crosstalk are due to (a) the secondary photon emission occurring in the bulk of the material which can either be coming directly from the incident photons or from the thermal excitations of the detector atoms; and (b) the interaction of the detector with the vacuum field.
In optical quantum information processing, two of the most basic elements are the sources of quantum mechanical states of light, and the devices that can detect these states. In this chapter, we narrow this down to photon sources and photodetectors. We will describe first how detectors work, starting from abstract ideal detectors, via a complete description of realistic detectors in terms of POVMS, to a brief overview of current photodetectors. Subsequently, we will define what is a single-photon source, and how we can determine experimentally whether a source produces single photons or something else. Having laid down the ground rules, we will survey some of the most popular ways photons are produced in the laboratory. Finally, we take a look at the production of entangled photon sources and quantum non-demolition measurements of photons. A mathematical model of photodetectors Photodetectors are devices that produce a macroscopic signal when triggered by one or more photons. In the ideal situation, every photon that hits the detector contributes to the macroscopic signal, and there are no ‘ghost’ signals, or so-called dark counts. In this situation we can define two types of detector, namely the ‘photon-number detector’, and ‘detectors without number resolution’. First, the photon number detector is a (largely hypothetical) device that tells us how many photons there are in a given optical mode that is properly localized in space and time. This property is called ‘photon-number resolution’.
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