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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Enhanced atomic localization via surface plasmons at the interface of sodium and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Zahid Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Prakash Kanjariya, Asha Rajiv, Aman Shankhyan, Sachin Jaidka, A.S. Madhusadan Acharyulu, Bhavik Jain, Mohamed Farouk Elsadek

Published Mar 11, 2025• 1 citation

Abstract

Abstract Two-dimensional atomic microscopy is governed by the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves at the interface between sodium metal and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The absorption or damping spectrum of these SPP waves encodes critical information about atomic localization. In accordance with Heisenberg microscopy, atoms can be localized with a resolution of along any spatial axis ( x, y , or z ). In this study, we tune the dispersion relation of SPPs by adjusting control fields and the parameters of MWCNTs. By adjusting these parameters, we achieve control over the number and positioning of single, double, and multiple localized peaks within a single wavelength domain in the damping spectrum of SPPs on a two-dimensional plane. Notably, we demonstrate atomic localization at scales significantly smaller than , with peak widths reduced to below along both x - and y -axes. Furthermore, we manipulate the shape and arrangement of localization peaks, achieving loop-like, wall-like, crater-like, and Gaussian profiles. These advancements have potential applications in high-precision atomic position measurement, nano-lithography, and Bose-Einstein condensation.

DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/adbf46

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We develop a new scheme of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization via absorption and gain spectra of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a closed loop four-level atomic system. For the atom–field interaction, we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing two (three) standing-wave fields (SWFs) in 2D (3D) atom localization, respectively. We achieve high-precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system parameters such as probe field detuning and phase shifts of the SWFs. The absorption and gain spectra are used to attain information about the position of an atom in SPPs. Our proposed scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in a high-dimensional SPPs.

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